\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 68 of 74 1 67 68 69 74
\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 68 of 74 1 67 68 69 74
\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 68 of 74 1 67 68 69 74
\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 68 of 74 1 67 68 69 74
\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 68 of 74 1 67 68 69 74
\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 68 of 74 1 67 68 69 74
\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 68 of 74 1 67 68 69 74
\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 68 of 74 1 67 68 69 74
\n
\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 68 of 74 1 67 68 69 74
\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

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[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

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[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

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[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

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[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The mall is owned by Kairaba Shopping Center Co. Ltd. Banjul, which is owned by three shareholders: the first is Hicham Nmer Khanafer (also known as Hisham Khanafer), official representative of Hezbollah in The Gambia[19]<\/a>, who works mainly in the neighboring mosque (recruiting Lebanese from the diaspora and fundraising, to send her home) - the mosque which bears the same name as the street[20]<\/a>. The second is the Consul General of Lebanon in The Gambia, Mohamed Bazzi, who manages the money that \u201cbelongs\u201d to President Jammeh and with whom Bazzi bought the empty buildings that became the shopping center and the Kairaba Beach Hotel[21]<\/a>. The absolute majority stake is held by Tajco Sarl Tire (Lebanon), which in turn is owned by the Tajideen family, who live in some of the apartments connected to the mall[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

A story that starts from a shopping center in the heart of the capital Banjul and bears the name of the street on which it stands: Kairaba, which means \"aqueduct\" in the Mandinka language - because the street passes next to the old aqueduct built in the 18th<\/sup> century by English colonial rulers to bring water from the Gambia River to the most populous district of Serekunda[17]<\/a>. The Kairaba shopping center is one of a kind and houses a post office, hawala office (now Western Union), two story hypermarket, cafe and in a building off the main hall with offices and small apartments to loan - all this remains open every day of the week from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mall is owned by Kairaba Shopping Center Co. Ltd. Banjul, which is owned by three shareholders: the first is Hicham Nmer Khanafer (also known as Hisham Khanafer), official representative of Hezbollah in The Gambia[19]<\/a>, who works mainly in the neighboring mosque (recruiting Lebanese from the diaspora and fundraising, to send her home) - the mosque which bears the same name as the street[20]<\/a>. The second is the Consul General of Lebanon in The Gambia, Mohamed Bazzi, who manages the money that \u201cbelongs\u201d to President Jammeh and with whom Bazzi bought the empty buildings that became the shopping center and the Kairaba Beach Hotel[21]<\/a>. The absolute majority stake is held by Tajco Sarl Tire (Lebanon), which in turn is owned by the Tajideen family, who live in some of the apartments connected to the mall[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

One of the effects of this change has been the need to find new sources of funding - no longer politically motivated, but purely commercial - and to find them outside Lebanon[15]<\/a>. If possible, clean up sources to avoid negative publicity from criminal organizations which, at least in the past, have been a backbone of the Hezbollah movement[16]<\/a>. Our story tells how and why Hezbollah, at this historic moment of crisis, chose a small country in West Africa: The Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A story that starts from a shopping center in the heart of the capital Banjul and bears the name of the street on which it stands: Kairaba, which means \"aqueduct\" in the Mandinka language - because the street passes next to the old aqueduct built in the 18th<\/sup> century by English colonial rulers to bring water from the Gambia River to the most populous district of Serekunda[17]<\/a>. The Kairaba shopping center is one of a kind and houses a post office, hawala office (now Western Union), two story hypermarket, cafe and in a building off the main hall with offices and small apartments to loan - all this remains open every day of the week from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mall is owned by Kairaba Shopping Center Co. Ltd. Banjul, which is owned by three shareholders: the first is Hicham Nmer Khanafer (also known as Hisham Khanafer), official representative of Hezbollah in The Gambia[19]<\/a>, who works mainly in the neighboring mosque (recruiting Lebanese from the diaspora and fundraising, to send her home) - the mosque which bears the same name as the street[20]<\/a>. The second is the Consul General of Lebanon in The Gambia, Mohamed Bazzi, who manages the money that \u201cbelongs\u201d to President Jammeh and with whom Bazzi bought the empty buildings that became the shopping center and the Kairaba Beach Hotel[21]<\/a>. The absolute majority stake is held by Tajco Sarl Tire (Lebanon), which in turn is owned by the Tajideen family, who live in some of the apartments connected to the mall[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The Kairaba Shopping Centre in Banjul<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the effects of this change has been the need to find new sources of funding - no longer politically motivated, but purely commercial - and to find them outside Lebanon[15]<\/a>. If possible, clean up sources to avoid negative publicity from criminal organizations which, at least in the past, have been a backbone of the Hezbollah movement[16]<\/a>. Our story tells how and why Hezbollah, at this historic moment of crisis, chose a small country in West Africa: The Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A story that starts from a shopping center in the heart of the capital Banjul and bears the name of the street on which it stands: Kairaba, which means \"aqueduct\" in the Mandinka language - because the street passes next to the old aqueduct built in the 18th<\/sup> century by English colonial rulers to bring water from the Gambia River to the most populous district of Serekunda[17]<\/a>. The Kairaba shopping center is one of a kind and houses a post office, hawala office (now Western Union), two story hypermarket, cafe and in a building off the main hall with offices and small apartments to loan - all this remains open every day of the week from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mall is owned by Kairaba Shopping Center Co. Ltd. Banjul, which is owned by three shareholders: the first is Hicham Nmer Khanafer (also known as Hisham Khanafer), official representative of Hezbollah in The Gambia[19]<\/a>, who works mainly in the neighboring mosque (recruiting Lebanese from the diaspora and fundraising, to send her home) - the mosque which bears the same name as the street[20]<\/a>. The second is the Consul General of Lebanon in The Gambia, Mohamed Bazzi, who manages the money that \u201cbelongs\u201d to President Jammeh and with whom Bazzi bought the empty buildings that became the shopping center and the Kairaba Beach Hotel[21]<\/a>. The absolute majority stake is held by Tajco Sarl Tire (Lebanon), which in turn is owned by the Tajideen family, who live in some of the apartments connected to the mall[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Kairaba Shopping Centre in Banjul<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the effects of this change has been the need to find new sources of funding - no longer politically motivated, but purely commercial - and to find them outside Lebanon[15]<\/a>. If possible, clean up sources to avoid negative publicity from criminal organizations which, at least in the past, have been a backbone of the Hezbollah movement[16]<\/a>. Our story tells how and why Hezbollah, at this historic moment of crisis, chose a small country in West Africa: The Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A story that starts from a shopping center in the heart of the capital Banjul and bears the name of the street on which it stands: Kairaba, which means \"aqueduct\" in the Mandinka language - because the street passes next to the old aqueduct built in the 18th<\/sup> century by English colonial rulers to bring water from the Gambia River to the most populous district of Serekunda[17]<\/a>. The Kairaba shopping center is one of a kind and houses a post office, hawala office (now Western Union), two story hypermarket, cafe and in a building off the main hall with offices and small apartments to loan - all this remains open every day of the week from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mall is owned by Kairaba Shopping Center Co. Ltd. Banjul, which is owned by three shareholders: the first is Hicham Nmer Khanafer (also known as Hisham Khanafer), official representative of Hezbollah in The Gambia[19]<\/a>, who works mainly in the neighboring mosque (recruiting Lebanese from the diaspora and fundraising, to send her home) - the mosque which bears the same name as the street[20]<\/a>. The second is the Consul General of Lebanon in The Gambia, Mohamed Bazzi, who manages the money that \u201cbelongs\u201d to President Jammeh and with whom Bazzi bought the empty buildings that became the shopping center and the Kairaba Beach Hotel[21]<\/a>. The absolute majority stake is held by Tajco Sarl Tire (Lebanon), which in turn is owned by the Tajideen family, who live in some of the apartments connected to the mall[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

At first it was \"only\" a shopping center<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Kairaba Shopping Centre in Banjul<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the effects of this change has been the need to find new sources of funding - no longer politically motivated, but purely commercial - and to find them outside Lebanon[15]<\/a>. If possible, clean up sources to avoid negative publicity from criminal organizations which, at least in the past, have been a backbone of the Hezbollah movement[16]<\/a>. Our story tells how and why Hezbollah, at this historic moment of crisis, chose a small country in West Africa: The Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A story that starts from a shopping center in the heart of the capital Banjul and bears the name of the street on which it stands: Kairaba, which means \"aqueduct\" in the Mandinka language - because the street passes next to the old aqueduct built in the 18th<\/sup> century by English colonial rulers to bring water from the Gambia River to the most populous district of Serekunda[17]<\/a>. The Kairaba shopping center is one of a kind and houses a post office, hawala office (now Western Union), two story hypermarket, cafe and in a building off the main hall with offices and small apartments to loan - all this remains open every day of the week from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mall is owned by Kairaba Shopping Center Co. Ltd. Banjul, which is owned by three shareholders: the first is Hicham Nmer Khanafer (also known as Hisham Khanafer), official representative of Hezbollah in The Gambia[19]<\/a>, who works mainly in the neighboring mosque (recruiting Lebanese from the diaspora and fundraising, to send her home) - the mosque which bears the same name as the street[20]<\/a>. The second is the Consul General of Lebanon in The Gambia, Mohamed Bazzi, who manages the money that \u201cbelongs\u201d to President Jammeh and with whom Bazzi bought the empty buildings that became the shopping center and the Kairaba Beach Hotel[21]<\/a>. The absolute majority stake is held by Tajco Sarl Tire (Lebanon), which in turn is owned by the Tajideen family, who live in some of the apartments connected to the mall[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In particular, after the peaceful uprising that in 2005 ended the war with Syria and forced the local armies to rebuild the most democratic system possible (the so-called Cedar Revolution[13]<\/a>), Hezbollah was forced to diversify and to seek the support of the Lebanese electorate so as not to be crushed by new alliances within the Arab world - a coalition which has recently become an ally of Israel and, in the context of the Cold War, to which the Saudi Arabia opposes Iran, has decided to impose severe economic sanctions on Hezbollah, justified with the terrorism charge[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At first it was \"only\" a shopping center<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Kairaba Shopping Centre in Banjul<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the effects of this change has been the need to find new sources of funding - no longer politically motivated, but purely commercial - and to find them outside Lebanon[15]<\/a>. If possible, clean up sources to avoid negative publicity from criminal organizations which, at least in the past, have been a backbone of the Hezbollah movement[16]<\/a>. Our story tells how and why Hezbollah, at this historic moment of crisis, chose a small country in West Africa: The Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A story that starts from a shopping center in the heart of the capital Banjul and bears the name of the street on which it stands: Kairaba, which means \"aqueduct\" in the Mandinka language - because the street passes next to the old aqueduct built in the 18th<\/sup> century by English colonial rulers to bring water from the Gambia River to the most populous district of Serekunda[17]<\/a>. The Kairaba shopping center is one of a kind and houses a post office, hawala office (now Western Union), two story hypermarket, cafe and in a building off the main hall with offices and small apartments to loan - all this remains open every day of the week from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mall is owned by Kairaba Shopping Center Co. Ltd. Banjul, which is owned by three shareholders: the first is Hicham Nmer Khanafer (also known as Hisham Khanafer), official representative of Hezbollah in The Gambia[19]<\/a>, who works mainly in the neighboring mosque (recruiting Lebanese from the diaspora and fundraising, to send her home) - the mosque which bears the same name as the street[20]<\/a>. The second is the Consul General of Lebanon in The Gambia, Mohamed Bazzi, who manages the money that \u201cbelongs\u201d to President Jammeh and with whom Bazzi bought the empty buildings that became the shopping center and the Kairaba Beach Hotel[21]<\/a>. The absolute majority stake is held by Tajco Sarl Tire (Lebanon), which in turn is owned by the Tajideen family, who live in some of the apartments connected to the mall[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

In this sense, Hezbollah can hardly be defined as a terrorist organization, even though OFAC has blacklisted all those who funded and supported its armed wing[7]<\/a>, the Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO)[8]<\/a>, which is officially disbanded, but which has to its credit numerous attacks[9]<\/a>. Hezbollah, which was born as a Pan-Arab army in Beirut in 1982 to prevent an invasion of Israel[10]<\/a>, became an independence army during the Syrian occupation of Lebanon (1976-2005)[11]<\/a>. After liberation, it became a political party that decisively influenced the nation: in the last elections, the list led by Hassan Nasrallah won 16.83% of the vote, making it the leading party in Lebanon[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In particular, after the peaceful uprising that in 2005 ended the war with Syria and forced the local armies to rebuild the most democratic system possible (the so-called Cedar Revolution[13]<\/a>), Hezbollah was forced to diversify and to seek the support of the Lebanese electorate so as not to be crushed by new alliances within the Arab world - a coalition which has recently become an ally of Israel and, in the context of the Cold War, to which the Saudi Arabia opposes Iran, has decided to impose severe economic sanctions on Hezbollah, justified with the terrorism charge[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At first it was \"only\" a shopping center<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Kairaba Shopping Centre in Banjul<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the effects of this change has been the need to find new sources of funding - no longer politically motivated, but purely commercial - and to find them outside Lebanon[15]<\/a>. If possible, clean up sources to avoid negative publicity from criminal organizations which, at least in the past, have been a backbone of the Hezbollah movement[16]<\/a>. Our story tells how and why Hezbollah, at this historic moment of crisis, chose a small country in West Africa: The Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A story that starts from a shopping center in the heart of the capital Banjul and bears the name of the street on which it stands: Kairaba, which means \"aqueduct\" in the Mandinka language - because the street passes next to the old aqueduct built in the 18th<\/sup> century by English colonial rulers to bring water from the Gambia River to the most populous district of Serekunda[17]<\/a>. The Kairaba shopping center is one of a kind and houses a post office, hawala office (now Western Union), two story hypermarket, cafe and in a building off the main hall with offices and small apartments to loan - all this remains open every day of the week from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mall is owned by Kairaba Shopping Center Co. Ltd. Banjul, which is owned by three shareholders: the first is Hicham Nmer Khanafer (also known as Hisham Khanafer), official representative of Hezbollah in The Gambia[19]<\/a>, who works mainly in the neighboring mosque (recruiting Lebanese from the diaspora and fundraising, to send her home) - the mosque which bears the same name as the street[20]<\/a>. The second is the Consul General of Lebanon in The Gambia, Mohamed Bazzi, who manages the money that \u201cbelongs\u201d to President Jammeh and with whom Bazzi bought the empty buildings that became the shopping center and the Kairaba Beach Hotel[21]<\/a>. The absolute majority stake is held by Tajco Sarl Tire (Lebanon), which in turn is owned by the Tajideen family, who live in some of the apartments connected to the mall[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

It is difficult to say which organizations are terrorists and which have to be considered as opposition movements - the difference lies in the ideology of the observer and, therefore, opinions on the definition of \"terrorism\" have been split from birth of the United Nations. Since 1994, an agreement has been reached on the following definition: \"These are criminal offenses which aim or are calculated to provoke a state of terror in the population or in a group of persons by humanly unjustifiable political actions, regardless of political philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or other considerations<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this sense, Hezbollah can hardly be defined as a terrorist organization, even though OFAC has blacklisted all those who funded and supported its armed wing[7]<\/a>, the Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO)[8]<\/a>, which is officially disbanded, but which has to its credit numerous attacks[9]<\/a>. Hezbollah, which was born as a Pan-Arab army in Beirut in 1982 to prevent an invasion of Israel[10]<\/a>, became an independence army during the Syrian occupation of Lebanon (1976-2005)[11]<\/a>. After liberation, it became a political party that decisively influenced the nation: in the last elections, the list led by Hassan Nasrallah won 16.83% of the vote, making it the leading party in Lebanon[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In particular, after the peaceful uprising that in 2005 ended the war with Syria and forced the local armies to rebuild the most democratic system possible (the so-called Cedar Revolution[13]<\/a>), Hezbollah was forced to diversify and to seek the support of the Lebanese electorate so as not to be crushed by new alliances within the Arab world - a coalition which has recently become an ally of Israel and, in the context of the Cold War, to which the Saudi Arabia opposes Iran, has decided to impose severe economic sanctions on Hezbollah, justified with the terrorism charge[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At first it was \"only\" a shopping center<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Kairaba Shopping Centre in Banjul<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the effects of this change has been the need to find new sources of funding - no longer politically motivated, but purely commercial - and to find them outside Lebanon[15]<\/a>. If possible, clean up sources to avoid negative publicity from criminal organizations which, at least in the past, have been a backbone of the Hezbollah movement[16]<\/a>. Our story tells how and why Hezbollah, at this historic moment of crisis, chose a small country in West Africa: The Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A story that starts from a shopping center in the heart of the capital Banjul and bears the name of the street on which it stands: Kairaba, which means \"aqueduct\" in the Mandinka language - because the street passes next to the old aqueduct built in the 18th<\/sup> century by English colonial rulers to bring water from the Gambia River to the most populous district of Serekunda[17]<\/a>. The Kairaba shopping center is one of a kind and houses a post office, hawala office (now Western Union), two story hypermarket, cafe and in a building off the main hall with offices and small apartments to loan - all this remains open every day of the week from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mall is owned by Kairaba Shopping Center Co. Ltd. Banjul, which is owned by three shareholders: the first is Hicham Nmer Khanafer (also known as Hisham Khanafer), official representative of Hezbollah in The Gambia[19]<\/a>, who works mainly in the neighboring mosque (recruiting Lebanese from the diaspora and fundraising, to send her home) - the mosque which bears the same name as the street[20]<\/a>. The second is the Consul General of Lebanon in The Gambia, Mohamed Bazzi, who manages the money that \u201cbelongs\u201d to President Jammeh and with whom Bazzi bought the empty buildings that became the shopping center and the Kairaba Beach Hotel[21]<\/a>. The absolute majority stake is held by Tajco Sarl Tire (Lebanon), which in turn is owned by the Tajideen family, who live in some of the apartments connected to the mall[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

It is only later, within the leaders of these militias that they think about strategies, attacks or even military campaigns. It is for this reason that, from 1939, the United States set up an office intended to destroy these armies before military combat, by stopping their economic income[3]<\/a>. The first sanctions against individual countries or affiliated organizations were decided by the alliance between the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and France at the start of World War II and were aimed at reducing the supply of currency and raw materials to Hitler's Germany[4]<\/a>. These days, sanctions are generally set by the UN Security Council but coordinated by an office of the US Treasury Department: The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is difficult to say which organizations are terrorists and which have to be considered as opposition movements - the difference lies in the ideology of the observer and, therefore, opinions on the definition of \"terrorism\" have been split from birth of the United Nations. Since 1994, an agreement has been reached on the following definition: \"These are criminal offenses which aim or are calculated to provoke a state of terror in the population or in a group of persons by humanly unjustifiable political actions, regardless of political philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or other considerations<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this sense, Hezbollah can hardly be defined as a terrorist organization, even though OFAC has blacklisted all those who funded and supported its armed wing[7]<\/a>, the Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO)[8]<\/a>, which is officially disbanded, but which has to its credit numerous attacks[9]<\/a>. Hezbollah, which was born as a Pan-Arab army in Beirut in 1982 to prevent an invasion of Israel[10]<\/a>, became an independence army during the Syrian occupation of Lebanon (1976-2005)[11]<\/a>. After liberation, it became a political party that decisively influenced the nation: in the last elections, the list led by Hassan Nasrallah won 16.83% of the vote, making it the leading party in Lebanon[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In particular, after the peaceful uprising that in 2005 ended the war with Syria and forced the local armies to rebuild the most democratic system possible (the so-called Cedar Revolution[13]<\/a>), Hezbollah was forced to diversify and to seek the support of the Lebanese electorate so as not to be crushed by new alliances within the Arab world - a coalition which has recently become an ally of Israel and, in the context of the Cold War, to which the Saudi Arabia opposes Iran, has decided to impose severe economic sanctions on Hezbollah, justified with the terrorism charge[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At first it was \"only\" a shopping center<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Kairaba Shopping Centre in Banjul<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the effects of this change has been the need to find new sources of funding - no longer politically motivated, but purely commercial - and to find them outside Lebanon[15]<\/a>. If possible, clean up sources to avoid negative publicity from criminal organizations which, at least in the past, have been a backbone of the Hezbollah movement[16]<\/a>. Our story tells how and why Hezbollah, at this historic moment of crisis, chose a small country in West Africa: The Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A story that starts from a shopping center in the heart of the capital Banjul and bears the name of the street on which it stands: Kairaba, which means \"aqueduct\" in the Mandinka language - because the street passes next to the old aqueduct built in the 18th<\/sup> century by English colonial rulers to bring water from the Gambia River to the most populous district of Serekunda[17]<\/a>. The Kairaba shopping center is one of a kind and houses a post office, hawala office (now Western Union), two story hypermarket, cafe and in a building off the main hall with offices and small apartments to loan - all this remains open every day of the week from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mall is owned by Kairaba Shopping Center Co. Ltd. Banjul, which is owned by three shareholders: the first is Hicham Nmer Khanafer (also known as Hisham Khanafer), official representative of Hezbollah in The Gambia[19]<\/a>, who works mainly in the neighboring mosque (recruiting Lebanese from the diaspora and fundraising, to send her home) - the mosque which bears the same name as the street[20]<\/a>. The second is the Consul General of Lebanon in The Gambia, Mohamed Bazzi, who manages the money that \u201cbelongs\u201d to President Jammeh and with whom Bazzi bought the empty buildings that became the shopping center and the Kairaba Beach Hotel[21]<\/a>. The absolute majority stake is held by Tajco Sarl Tire (Lebanon), which in turn is owned by the Tajideen family, who live in some of the apartments connected to the mall[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

The main activity of militias which fight, for apparently religious reasons, against national governments or against certain countries considered as enemies (like the United States, Israel or the European Union) is to generate the enormous sums of money which are necessary for organize and recruit their army, to pay to provide them with arms, ammunition, gasoline and spare parts, to pay the salaries of the militiamen, to bribe the political leaders of the host countries who harbor or hide them. One militia considered one of the most effective in the world is that of Hezbollah in Lebanon, which earns nearly half a billion dollars a year[1]<\/a>, although among the contributions made by Iran, remittances from foreign supporters, industrial and commercial enterprises or donations. Anti-Iranian propaganda claims that Hezbollah can count on over $ 700 million a year just thanks to Tehran's help[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is only later, within the leaders of these militias that they think about strategies, attacks or even military campaigns. It is for this reason that, from 1939, the United States set up an office intended to destroy these armies before military combat, by stopping their economic income[3]<\/a>. The first sanctions against individual countries or affiliated organizations were decided by the alliance between the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and France at the start of World War II and were aimed at reducing the supply of currency and raw materials to Hitler's Germany[4]<\/a>. These days, sanctions are generally set by the UN Security Council but coordinated by an office of the US Treasury Department: The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is difficult to say which organizations are terrorists and which have to be considered as opposition movements - the difference lies in the ideology of the observer and, therefore, opinions on the definition of \"terrorism\" have been split from birth of the United Nations. Since 1994, an agreement has been reached on the following definition: \"These are criminal offenses which aim or are calculated to provoke a state of terror in the population or in a group of persons by humanly unjustifiable political actions, regardless of political philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or other considerations<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this sense, Hezbollah can hardly be defined as a terrorist organization, even though OFAC has blacklisted all those who funded and supported its armed wing[7]<\/a>, the Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO)[8]<\/a>, which is officially disbanded, but which has to its credit numerous attacks[9]<\/a>. Hezbollah, which was born as a Pan-Arab army in Beirut in 1982 to prevent an invasion of Israel[10]<\/a>, became an independence army during the Syrian occupation of Lebanon (1976-2005)[11]<\/a>. After liberation, it became a political party that decisively influenced the nation: in the last elections, the list led by Hassan Nasrallah won 16.83% of the vote, making it the leading party in Lebanon[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In particular, after the peaceful uprising that in 2005 ended the war with Syria and forced the local armies to rebuild the most democratic system possible (the so-called Cedar Revolution[13]<\/a>), Hezbollah was forced to diversify and to seek the support of the Lebanese electorate so as not to be crushed by new alliances within the Arab world - a coalition which has recently become an ally of Israel and, in the context of the Cold War, to which the Saudi Arabia opposes Iran, has decided to impose severe economic sanctions on Hezbollah, justified with the terrorism charge[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At first it was \"only\" a shopping center<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Kairaba Shopping Centre in Banjul<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the effects of this change has been the need to find new sources of funding - no longer politically motivated, but purely commercial - and to find them outside Lebanon[15]<\/a>. If possible, clean up sources to avoid negative publicity from criminal organizations which, at least in the past, have been a backbone of the Hezbollah movement[16]<\/a>. Our story tells how and why Hezbollah, at this historic moment of crisis, chose a small country in West Africa: The Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A story that starts from a shopping center in the heart of the capital Banjul and bears the name of the street on which it stands: Kairaba, which means \"aqueduct\" in the Mandinka language - because the street passes next to the old aqueduct built in the 18th<\/sup> century by English colonial rulers to bring water from the Gambia River to the most populous district of Serekunda[17]<\/a>. The Kairaba shopping center is one of a kind and houses a post office, hawala office (now Western Union), two story hypermarket, cafe and in a building off the main hall with offices and small apartments to loan - all this remains open every day of the week from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mall is owned by Kairaba Shopping Center Co. Ltd. Banjul, which is owned by three shareholders: the first is Hicham Nmer Khanafer (also known as Hisham Khanafer), official representative of Hezbollah in The Gambia[19]<\/a>, who works mainly in the neighboring mosque (recruiting Lebanese from the diaspora and fundraising, to send her home) - the mosque which bears the same name as the street[20]<\/a>. The second is the Consul General of Lebanon in The Gambia, Mohamed Bazzi, who manages the money that \u201cbelongs\u201d to President Jammeh and with whom Bazzi bought the empty buildings that became the shopping center and the Kairaba Beach Hotel[21]<\/a>. The absolute majority stake is held by Tajco Sarl Tire (Lebanon), which in turn is owned by the Tajideen family, who live in some of the apartments connected to the mall[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main activity of militias which fight, for apparently religious reasons, against national governments or against certain countries considered as enemies (like the United States, Israel or the European Union) is to generate the enormous sums of money which are necessary for organize and recruit their army, to pay to provide them with arms, ammunition, gasoline and spare parts, to pay the salaries of the militiamen, to bribe the political leaders of the host countries who harbor or hide them. One militia considered one of the most effective in the world is that of Hezbollah in Lebanon, which earns nearly half a billion dollars a year[1]<\/a>, although among the contributions made by Iran, remittances from foreign supporters, industrial and commercial enterprises or donations. Anti-Iranian propaganda claims that Hezbollah can count on over $ 700 million a year just thanks to Tehran's help[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is only later, within the leaders of these militias that they think about strategies, attacks or even military campaigns. It is for this reason that, from 1939, the United States set up an office intended to destroy these armies before military combat, by stopping their economic income[3]<\/a>. The first sanctions against individual countries or affiliated organizations were decided by the alliance between the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and France at the start of World War II and were aimed at reducing the supply of currency and raw materials to Hitler's Germany[4]<\/a>. These days, sanctions are generally set by the UN Security Council but coordinated by an office of the US Treasury Department: The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is difficult to say which organizations are terrorists and which have to be considered as opposition movements - the difference lies in the ideology of the observer and, therefore, opinions on the definition of \"terrorism\" have been split from birth of the United Nations. Since 1994, an agreement has been reached on the following definition: \"These are criminal offenses which aim or are calculated to provoke a state of terror in the population or in a group of persons by humanly unjustifiable political actions, regardless of political philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or other considerations<\/em>\u201d[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this sense, Hezbollah can hardly be defined as a terrorist organization, even though OFAC has blacklisted all those who funded and supported its armed wing[7]<\/a>, the Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO)[8]<\/a>, which is officially disbanded, but which has to its credit numerous attacks[9]<\/a>. Hezbollah, which was born as a Pan-Arab army in Beirut in 1982 to prevent an invasion of Israel[10]<\/a>, became an independence army during the Syrian occupation of Lebanon (1976-2005)[11]<\/a>. After liberation, it became a political party that decisively influenced the nation: in the last elections, the list led by Hassan Nasrallah won 16.83% of the vote, making it the leading party in Lebanon[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In particular, after the peaceful uprising that in 2005 ended the war with Syria and forced the local armies to rebuild the most democratic system possible (the so-called Cedar Revolution[13]<\/a>), Hezbollah was forced to diversify and to seek the support of the Lebanese electorate so as not to be crushed by new alliances within the Arab world - a coalition which has recently become an ally of Israel and, in the context of the Cold War, to which the Saudi Arabia opposes Iran, has decided to impose severe economic sanctions on Hezbollah, justified with the terrorism charge[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At first it was \"only\" a shopping center<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Kairaba Shopping Centre in Banjul<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the effects of this change has been the need to find new sources of funding - no longer politically motivated, but purely commercial - and to find them outside Lebanon[15]<\/a>. If possible, clean up sources to avoid negative publicity from criminal organizations which, at least in the past, have been a backbone of the Hezbollah movement[16]<\/a>. Our story tells how and why Hezbollah, at this historic moment of crisis, chose a small country in West Africa: The Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A story that starts from a shopping center in the heart of the capital Banjul and bears the name of the street on which it stands: Kairaba, which means \"aqueduct\" in the Mandinka language - because the street passes next to the old aqueduct built in the 18th<\/sup> century by English colonial rulers to bring water from the Gambia River to the most populous district of Serekunda[17]<\/a>. The Kairaba shopping center is one of a kind and houses a post office, hawala office (now Western Union), two story hypermarket, cafe and in a building off the main hall with offices and small apartments to loan - all this remains open every day of the week from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mall is owned by Kairaba Shopping Center Co. Ltd. Banjul, which is owned by three shareholders: the first is Hicham Nmer Khanafer (also known as Hisham Khanafer), official representative of Hezbollah in The Gambia[19]<\/a>, who works mainly in the neighboring mosque (recruiting Lebanese from the diaspora and fundraising, to send her home) - the mosque which bears the same name as the street[20]<\/a>. The second is the Consul General of Lebanon in The Gambia, Mohamed Bazzi, who manages the money that \u201cbelongs\u201d to President Jammeh and with whom Bazzi bought the empty buildings that became the shopping center and the Kairaba Beach Hotel[21]<\/a>. The absolute majority stake is held by Tajco Sarl Tire (Lebanon), which in turn is owned by the Tajideen family, who live in some of the apartments connected to the mall[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tajco is a company importing agricultural and food products, tobacco, groceries, toys, jewelry, vehicle parts and household items, all of which are transported from Lebanon to the huge warehouse of a next to the Kairaba. The mall supplies the supermarkets of other Lebanese in the diaspora: Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa, Hezbollah ambassador in Sierra Leone[23]<\/a>, also a money collector and volunteer recruiter for the militias in Lebanon[24]<\/a>. Abbas Loutfe Fawaz, Hezbollah Ambassador to Senegal[25]<\/a>, who performs the same functions in Dakar and owns the largest supermarket in the Senegalese capital[26]<\/a>. Ali Ahmad Chehade, Hezbollah ambassador to C\u00f4te d'Ivoire[27]<\/a>, suspected of having protected and armed jihadist Abd Al Munim Qubaysi[28]<\/a>. These people, over the years, have taken small minority stakes in Tajco and the Kairaba shopping center through the UCCM United Company for Central Market SAL Beirut - a company that sells products by multinational companies into supermarkets in each country inhabited by Hezbollah[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The commercial and business network of the Tajideen family<\/sub><\/strong>[30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As already mentioned, the Tajideen family lived in the early 1950s[31]<\/a>, after the death of their father (Ali Muhammad[32]<\/a>), originally from the Lebanese country, in the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown, then spent many years in Belgium[33]<\/a> and the Ghana[34]<\/a> and finally in Banjul: Brothers Ali, Husayn and Kassim settled there, like many Lebanese in the diaspora, in search of an underdeveloped country in which to invest their money and exploit their network of relations[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As our story began, in 1993, President Jammeh was the only one who knew all this (Tajco, through the bank accounts of the Jammeh Foundation for Peace, paid him $ 2.55 million in bribes[36]<\/a>). As a result, he was subsequently accused by US courts of being a protector and an accomplice in the illegal actions of Hezbollah and its supporters during the 23 years of the Gambian regime[37]<\/a>. Kassim, who lived in Belgium, with his wife Huda Saad, thank the income of the import \/ export company Soafrimex NV Antwerp, was arrested in Antwerp in 2003, then sentenced to two years in prison for smuggling diamonds and financing the terrorism[38]<\/a>, fraud and tax evasion (like his wife)[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the years, there will be numerous lawsuits against individual members of the Tajideen family in different parts of the world (Democratic Republic of Congo, Morocco, USA, etc.), but these will not affect in any way the group's future growth, as victims of the Gambian regime and Hezbollah attacks abroad complain about the class action lawsuit brought against them[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah in Banjul: from Prime Bank to Ecobank<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia, which bought the former Prime Bank Gambia offices at 42 Kairaba Avenue<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank (Gambia) Limited Serrekunda was founded on May 26, 2009[41]<\/a>, but its offices did not open until two months later, in July[42]<\/a>, as majority shareholders, the Lebanese-Canadian bank LCB of Beirut[43]<\/a>, wanted to join the inauguration Glamorous hosting - at that time, including Prime Bank, there were only twelve banks in The Gambia[44]<\/a>. The offices are in the Kairaba shopping center complex, the shopping center in which only the products of one of Africa's largest agricultural and food importers are sold: the Tajco Group[45]<\/a>. Few people were in attendance for the bank's inauguration, but shortly afterwards LCB President George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 visited President Yahya Jammeh[46]<\/a>. They are such good friends that Jaoud\u00e9, leaving the meeting, told reporters: \u201cPresident Jammeh is a magnet for investors. He is a very important personality at the international level and encourages all investors to invest in The Gambia<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why so much sympathy? Because Jammeh Jaoud\u00e9 supports the project: LCB would have controlled 80% of the shares, including 29% only in trust, because the real shareholders cannot appear[48]<\/a>. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bwill be subscribed by the managers of LCB with the intention of subsequently selling them to Gambian investors[49]<\/a>. The list of secret shareholders is obviously the most interesting: it includes about 5% [50]<\/a>of a drug and uranium trafficker well known in the world, a Colombian of Lebanese origin, Ayman Saied Joumaa, who is closely associated with Hezbollah[51]<\/a> and who has been with OFAC for many years, for his criminal activities, has been blacklisted[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The thin strip of land (no wider than 25 km, only 350 km long) that runs along the Gambia River and forms the territory of one of the smallest countries on the dark continent<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

His name isn't the only important one on the list. As we have already described, there are also names like that of Hisham Khanafer (head of Hezbollah in The Gambia), that of Hajj Hussein Tajal Din[53]<\/a>, his company Tradex SAL Beirut, Ali Ibrahim al-Watfa (head of Hezbollah in Sierra Leone) - names, which are known around the world as Abbas Loutfe Fawaz (leader of Hezbollah in Senegal) and Ali Ahmad Chehade (leader of Hezbollah in Ivory Coast)[54]<\/a>. They are all Lebanese from the diaspora: starting with the war against the Ottoman Empire in 1860, then in several waves, because of war or poverty, more than 8 million Lebanese left the country during the 160 last years. They have new roots in the countries where they live today, which is why there are nowadays at least 12 million people of Lebanese origin spread all over the world, while Lebanon has only 4 million inhabitants[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Geographical distribution of the Lebanese diaspora<\/sub><\/strong>[56]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Lebanese diaspora is made up of traders, bankers, scientists, artists (Shakira in Colombia, Selma Hayek, Omar Sharif and Paul Anka in the United States, guitarist Deep Purple Tommy Bolin and a thousand others[57]<\/a>) and political advisers[58]<\/a> notably in Africa - in Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone[59]<\/a>. Banjul, 160 km from Dakar as the crow flies and 660 km from Freetown, is a quiet place which gained independence in 1964 but which is firmly anchored in the Commonwealth and has enjoyed peace for more than 20 years under the leadership of Prime Minister Dawda Kairaba Jawara[60]<\/a>. Years that have ended bitterly with the rise of Yahya Jammeh: a dictator who will bring misery, corruption and violence for 23 long years[61]<\/a>. When Hezbollah decides to set up a bank away from prying eyes and in a location where there is a friendly government, it chooses Jammeh's Gambia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prime Bank is an instant hit as it runs a Hawala office[62]<\/a> and one of the members of the Western Union group[63]<\/a>: The Gambia, although a small country of only two million people, is extremely interethnic and the group more importantly, the Mandinka, represent only a third of the population. Due to the weak state, at least a third of the population comes from elsewhere, is on the run, or is an illegal immigrant in search of work[64]<\/a> and wandering between The Gambia and Senegal[65]<\/a>. Gambians who live abroad contribute around $ 220 million annually[66]<\/a> to the Lebanese economy through their remittances - in a country with a GDP of just over $ 5.5 billion[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2012, the CBG Central Bank of Gambia changes the rules applicable to banks and increases the minimum capital that must be deposited with the CBG to obtain a license: 200 million dalasi - or 3.8 million dollars[68]<\/a>. It is in fact a measure which allows banks to guarantee their solvency, but it triggers a wave of panic in Banjul[69]<\/a>: Prime Bank and many other banks in the Gambia go bankrupt and close[70]<\/a>. The story could end here ... but it didn\u2019t. A week after the closure of Prime Bank Gambia, Ecobank Gambia opened its branch in its place[71]<\/a>. The shareholders of Ecobank are two \"new\" Lebanese: Mohammad Ibrahim Bazzi and his son Wael - both linked to Hezbollah[72]<\/a> - this place themselves whose office in the complex of the Kairaba mall, in the supermarket which sells only products from Gambia's largest agricultural and food importer, the Tajco group[73]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed Bazzi lived in Banjul even before the opening of Ecobank: he was a partner of President Jammeh, who, thanks to Hezbollah money, first rose to the presidency and then to luxury[74]<\/a>. Bazzi and Jammeh jointly founded the companies that import cars, gas and oil for Gambia: Global Trading Group NV, Euro African Group Ltd.[75]<\/a>, Africa Middle East Investment Holding SAL, Premier Investment Group SAL and Car Escort SAL Services[76]<\/a> - all companies registered in Beirut but also based in Banjul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Euro African imports Total's products and holds the exclusive rights to service stations in the country[77]<\/a>. Bazzi is in Banjul as the Consul General of Lebanon, but, in facts, he protects not only with Jammeh but also the President's illegal income[78]<\/a> and uses some of it for his own arms trade for the benefit of Hezbollah[79]<\/a>. It is only when the now-ousted president is convicted of thefts and repeated human rights violations by his regime in 2017[80]<\/a> that Bazzi's name will end up in the cyclone[81]<\/a> and be blacklisted by OFAC as international terrorists[82]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecobank Gambia already existed before Prime Bank: it was founded in 2007, and it was initially a purely financial company that housed a Hawala shop[83]<\/a> and did not apply for a banking license from CBG until two years later[84]<\/a>. Today, more than a decade later, Ecobank Gambia has 39,000 account holders and six branches across the country[85]<\/a>. Hezbollah has officially sold Transnational Inc. Lom\u00e9 (97.4%) to Ecobank and only a small percentage is in the hands of Group Investment Gambia Ltd. Banjul (2.6%), about which nothing is known[86]<\/a>. The holding company, registered in Togo in 1985, is the largest pan-African bank (in terms of number of account holders) and has a large shareholder base from 33 different countries on the black continent[87]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah buys from Canada: the history of the LCB<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The headquarters of the Lebanese Canadian Bank in Beirut<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

George E. Zard Abou Jaoud\u00e9 was born in 1952 (thus during the Lebanese economic boom[88]<\/a>) and studied art and architecture at the American University of Beirut. In 1976 he got a job with Modern Design Company Ltd in Riyadh[89]<\/a>: A company under French control and under the direction of Florentine architect Giuseppe Banci, who restored and beautified the entire Saudi Royal Palace between 1976 and 1988[90]<\/a>. Thanks to the notoriety of this project, Jaoud\u00e9 becomes one of the most fashionable architects in Arabia[91]<\/a> and is in network with many entrepreneurs associated with the Al Sa'ud family, until 1988, on their advice, he bought BAE Banque d'Activites Economiques in Beirut - an institution founded twenty years ago by the Royal Bank of Canada, with a reputation for protecting funds made available to finance Maronite Christian militias in Lebanon[92]<\/a>. Jaoud\u00e9 of course changed BAE's style and clientele and renamed the bank LCB Lebanese Canadian Bank of Beirut[93]<\/a>. In the years that followed, the bank financed the explosion of Jaoud\u00e9's career in the media, in ecology, but above all in construction[94]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jaoud\u00e9's rise is not without consequences. After the first rumors about clients who made money in the shadow of smuggling and money laundering (also because of the opaque transactions of the Congolese branch Sofibanque Sprl Kinshasa[95]<\/a>) had already arrived in 2001 (clients who 2009 brought in more than $ 5 billion in investment funds for LCB),[96]<\/a> in 2011 a first criminal case was opened in the United States on formal charges of being part of an international financial network that supports drug trafficking and the purchase of weapons from Hezbollah[97]<\/a>: \"This network has transported illicit drugs across West Africa from South America to Europe and to the Middle East and laundered hundreds of millions of dollars a month through accounts at LCB and through money laundering related to the consumer goods trade around the world, including through car dealerships in the United States<\/em>\u201d[98]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What happened? That Hezbollah's bank, Bank Al-Madina SAL Beirut, drowned in a financial, criminal and political scandal linked to the assassination of Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (2005)[99]<\/a>, and LCB withdrew its bankruptcy branches purchased[100]<\/a>. Obviously, most of the new clients are members of Hezbollah[101]<\/a>, and LCB offers them a new, more modern and secure system for transferring money from abroad to Beirut and from Lebanon to business, military and other partners. criminals around the world[102]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The touch that changes everything is the entry into the business of Munir Al-Kaloti, a Jordanian jeweler from Abu Dhabi, who founded the Kaloti Jewelery Group in 1988[103]<\/a> and began to expand worldwide in less than a decade. Its success was seen entering the global gold trade[104]<\/a> until Kaloti became one of the largest gold traders in the Middle East[105]<\/a>. The US DEA discovered in 2010 that there were several arms and drug traffickers among Kaloti's clients and that through the LCB they were converting goods into silver or gold. Kaloti allowed them to ensure the anonymity of all parties to the business - until US police began collecting evidence[106]<\/a>. The DEA notes that cocaine shipments will be purchased in cash and deposited with the LCB in the accounts of two companies whose owners are unknown: Salor DMCC Dubai and Trading Track Company Ltd. Cotonou (Benin)[107]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2014, the investigation into Kaloti was extended to the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office[108]<\/a>, as it turned out that between 2007 and 2015 suspicious and unjustifiable transactions totaling 9.3 billion dollars were carried out between LCB, Kaloti Jewelery and some Swiss gold banks and refineries[109]<\/a>. In 2015, civil proceedings will be opened in New York against Jaoud\u00e9, the management of LCB, and a minority shareholder, Nest Investments Group[110]<\/a>, accusing Jaoud\u00e9 of having ruined the bank through its criminal trafficking and its protection of Hezbollah assets[111]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n


The Smuggling and Money Laundering Mechanism that focuses on LCB and Abu Dhabi Jeweler Munir Al-Kaloti's Services<\/sub><\/strong>
[112]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nest shareholders learn that one of LCB executives, Ahmad Ibrahim Safa, is son-in-law of Amin Muhammad Cherri, a Lebanese MP from the Hezbollah party, as well as a shareholder in the Lebanese communications group and partner of Adham Tabaja - one of the leaders of Hezbollah[113]<\/a>. According to Nest's lawyers, the Lebanese government has made matters worse by covering up Jaoud\u00e9's misdeeds[114]<\/a>. The Treasury Department also notes that the money Iran paid to Hezbollah also goes through the LCB, through that party's ambassador to Tehran, Abdallah Safieddine[115]<\/a>, who works to disguise transactions with an accountant of Hezbollah, Mohammed Ibrahim Bazzi, who had worked for Iran's central bank for two years[116]<\/a>. Bazzi is the person who many years ago chose The Gambia to invest money, conduct transactions outside the eyes of the West and the Middle East[117]<\/a>, and therefore co-founded Ecobank first, then Prime Bank Gambia[118]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hezbollah and Colombian drugs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Diagram released by US Treasury Department explains Ayman Sayed Joumaa's criminal relationship<\/sub><\/strong>[119]<\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you read this carousel of names, companies, claims, you quickly lose sight of the heart of the matter. More than 20 years ago a sharia banker (the Koranic law which claims in the economic field to deny the nature of capitalism and prohibits enriching yourself with bank interests or insurance contracts) explained to me exactly which one should be the real question. The developing world's forces facing Goliath are less than David's noose. They do not even have the crumbs of concentration of liquidity, mineral and natural resources, industrial and technological skills necessary to grow, advance and rule over the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why they start to trade in agriculture and food, but if they try to create a party and an army like Hezbollah, it takes ten times longer: it\u2019s necessary to withdraw that money wherever possible. The only quick and efficient way to get there, so far, is to use the means of organized crime, which is a sort of regulatory metronome of positivist capitalism. The legitimate product of the agricultural and food trade is used to finance the banks, which in turn use this capital to secure transactions that generate more income: drugs, weapons, slavery. That\u2019s why a movement like Hezbollah, apart from pseudo-religious proclamations, takes root where the sense of loyalty of the Lebanese diaspora leads them to cooperate with their compatriots and to entrust them with their savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, this is not enough, and it does not work on its own. Back to the system that Bazzi, the Tajideen and the Jaoud\u00e9 family have built with Tajco, the Kairaba Shopping Center and the LCB: over time, the rise in costs of the parallel structure (Hezbollah) overwhelms the bank, especially when it is struggling globally and, in order to survive, must neglect or even defraud the original account holders for enlisting the help of others, especially the drug lords. As noted, LCB is almost immediately forced to act as an intermediary in the heroin trafficking, valued at around $ 200 Million per month, organized by Ayman Saied Joumaa in South America (and marketed in Lebanon)[120]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The latter heads a cartel of drug traffickers and human beings called Los Zetas[121]<\/a> in Mexico, but is discovered when his lieutenant Chekri Mahmoud Harb tells an undercover police officer[122]<\/a> in 2007 how much of the money went to LCB; that the money comes from the cocaine trade and that will be used to finance Hezbollah[123]<\/a>. For nearly five years, this trick remained unproven until Joumaa grew greedy and bought the Caesars Park Hotel in Beirut with money drawn from accounts with the LCB[124]<\/a>, which also funded Palestinian armed resistance, Hezbollah[125]<\/a>, and human trafficking. The same money that was put down as security to buy drugs in Los Zetas[126]<\/a> and food for Tajco[127]<\/a> and other Lebanese traders in West Africa[128]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Western countries triggered the sanctions trap, Hezbollah orders Jaoud\u00e9, Bazzi and the others to sell the bank in order to save LCB and prevent the checking accounts captured around the world from being frozen and then confiscated - and chooses a another friendly institution as a buyer, SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut (SGBL), which buys both the assets of Prime Bank Gambia in order to ensure the continuity of the current accounts of small clients[129]<\/a> and of the LCB[130]<\/a>. The US DEA claims, against the Lebanese authorities, that there are at least 200 suspicious AML bank accounts[131]<\/a>. However, what Americans fear the most, is that in this way all managers and employees of Prime Bank and LCB remain in the system[132]<\/a>. The funds of the Martyrs Foundation, which operates in both Lebanon and Palestine and is considered the financial arm of pro-Iran jihad, are not even touched[133]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SGBL executives reduced the workforce from 720 to 370 units and slowly closed the current accounts already identified by the American authorities[134]<\/a>. But this is not enough. Today, SGBL is fighting to avoid a conviction that will force them to be put on the OFAC list and, worse, to pay billions in American class actions[135]<\/a>. The war against Hezbollah, declared by the United States in 2010[136]<\/a>, does not stop (like the jihad in the Lebanese territories[137]<\/a>): today the FPM (Free Patriotic Movement) is the party with the most parliamentarians in Lebanon and Hezbollah. It should aim to gain political power in the 2022 election without having to use weapons - something their leaders are reluctant to do[138]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Washington responds by claiming that the horrific August 4, 2020 incident in Beirut could be a Hezbollah bombing, and when that thesis proves to be unfounded, it argues that the fertilizer industry, which feeds the thousands of farmers and ... Support food businesses that are scattered across Africa, unless they pose a threat to city safety - because fertilizers like the one that happened in Beirut can explode at any time[139]<\/a>. The Trump administration has gradually blacklisted many FPM leaders from OFAC, starting with what is considered the most credible candidate for the future prime minister: Gebran Bassil[140]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that cannot change the reality of the Lebanese diaspora - and Hezbollah - in The Gambia. The Kairaba shopping center is still owned by Tajco, it is still the largest supermarket in West Africa, and the number of Lebanese living and working in The Gambia continues to grow[141]<\/a>, so social networks are developing applications aimed at meeting the children and grandchildren of the Lebanese emigration[142]<\/a>. Ecobank is still where Prime Bank's offices were, and relatives of the Tajideen family are still staying in the apartments on Kairaba Avenue. Over the years, I have become more and more convinced that the Arab banker I spoke to twenty years ago was telling the truth when he told me that a man who lives in peace with his family has a voucher work and whose children have strong prospects for the future, do not feel the desire to dress in grenades and blow themselves up in front of a building, but lives his life in search of happiness - whether Hezbollah or not .<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollah-finances-funding-the-party-of-god<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/world\/the-americas\/iran-pays-Hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/birth-of-ofac-and-the-rise-of-global-sanctions\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/birth-ofac-rise-global-sanctions-paul-camacho\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/policy-issues\/office-of-foreign-assets-control-sanctions-programs-and-information<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.law.kuleuven.be\/iir\/nl\/onderwijs\/terrorisme\/GAres51e210.htm<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.juragentium.org\/topics\/wlgo\/cortona\/en\/williams.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/english.aawsat.com\/\/home\/article\/2151186\/us-blacklists-lebanese-individuals-entities-over-Hezbollah-links<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God<\/em>\u201d, Hurst Publishers, London 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Lawrence Wright, \u201cLooming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9\/11<\/em>\u201d, Knopf, New York 2006<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/4314423.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Robin Wright, \u201cSacred rage<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 2001, pages 15-16, 73, 85-86, 95-112; Fred H. Lawson, \"Syria's Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation\", in \u201cInternational Organization\u201d, volume 38, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1984, pages 451\u2013480; https:\/\/www.aiswest.com\/uploaded\/2018_Summer_Work\/History\/Syrian_Intervention_in_Lebanon_1975-76_A_failure_of_strategy.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\/AdsDetails.aspx?ida=281<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Pierre Blanc, \u201cLa Syrie au Liban : retour sur une fin d'occupation\u201d, in \u201cConfluences M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e\u201d, volume 3, L\u2019Harmattan, Paris 2005, pages 201-215 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=COME_054_0201&DocId=32732&hits=4087+4078+4070+1131+1122+1008+1001<\/a>+<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2017\/11\/19\/middleeast\/saudi-arabia-iran-arab-league\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Matthew Lewitt, \u201cHezbollah Finances \u2013 Funding the Party of God<\/em>\u201d, The Washington Institute, Washington 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/International\/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2008\/10\/25\/nasrallah-decries-propaganda\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/articles\/2011\/12\/22\/184043.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Pjilip Briggs, Simon Fenton, \u201cThe Gambia, 2nd<\/sup>: The Bradt Travel Guide<\/em>\u201d, Bradt Travel Guides, Chesham (UK) 2017 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bradtguides.com\/product\/gambia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201811260290.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 184-190; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/ali-ibrahim-al-watfa<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afrik.com\/senegal-les-usa-denichent-un-chef-du-Hezbollah-a-dakar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/12\/world\/middleeast\/us-hits-Hezbollah-with-new-sanctions.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-treasury-Hezbollah-idUSBRE95A15620130612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl1980.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/united-company-for-central-markets---uccm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.africaportal.org\/publications\/war-and-peace-in-sierra-leone-diamonds-corruption-and-the-lebanese-connection\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a> - see pages 10-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/media.africaportal.org\/documents\/6_War-Peace_sierraleone_Eng-Nov2002.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-hsbc-launder-sidebar-idUSBRE86C19I20120713<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/tajco\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/hassan-ali-tajideen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, page 203<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 201-205, 329<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ajc.org\/news\/Hezbollahs-international-presence-and-operations#_ftn71<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/goldensands\/profiles\/mohamed-tajideen<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> The Tajideeen family controls the following assets: a) <\/strong>Kairaba Supermarket<\/strong>: Kairaba Supermarket is a subsidiary business of Tajco Ltd, with both companies naming Husayn Tajideen as the same point of contact and manager and using the same primary business address; b) Congo Futur<\/strong>, Kinshasa (AKA Group Congo Futur AKA Congo Futur Import): Congo Futur was expanded from commodities export to real estate, construction and logging. Illegal logging in DRC became a mechanism to expand into a lucrative field through Trans-M company (a subsidiary of Congo Futur), both owned by Ahmed Tajideen. Lately Trans-M changed its name into Cotrefor Ltd Kinshasa and Ahmed Tajideen was removed from its Shareholders, but the company was still operating as a subsidiary of Congo Futur. The company is one of the biggest logging trade companies in DRC (exporting rainforest timber mostly to the US). It has built a lot of modern luxury complexes in Kinshasa including Crown Towers and Futur Towers. Moreover, it controls the import of foodstuff in Congo, and is active in the manufacturing sector owning factories that produce plastic goods and processed foods. The company also stands accused of logging far beyond legal limits, dodging taxes and subjecting its workers to conditions akin to modern-day slavery; c) Ovlas Trading SA Tortola<\/strong>: In the 2000s, to facilitate the trade with Latin America and with the legal advice of Mossack Fonseca, the entity set up Ovlas Trading SA and the subsidiary, Ovlas Commodities SA Tortola (BVI), to disguise ownership. Ahmad Tajideen (AKA Tajiddin), Nadine Tajiddin and Nejmee Jaber-Tajiddin are the company\u2019s Shareholders. Both companies have Lebanese ties and an address in Beirut; d)<\/strong> Golfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda Luanda<\/strong>: Kassim Tajideen acquired Luanda-basedGolfrate Holdings (Angola) Lda in 2005 from a Malawian born British citizen. The company is believed to be Angola\u2019s leading producer and distributor of essential consumer goods, employing more than 1,400 people and supplying a wide network of retail stores, supermarkets, etc. Nowadays Golfrate is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, with part of its main operations located in Angola. Its subsidiaries: Golfrate Distribution Lda, Golfrate Food Industries Lda, Golfrate HPC Industries Lda, Golfrate Paints (Tintas de Dyrup) Lda; e)<\/strong> Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola: Afri Belg Commercio e Industria Lda, is a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading, and is presided over by Kassim Tajideen. The company has the following subsidiaries: Afri-Belg Supermercados, Cash&Carry retail Stores, Afri-Belg Construction and Afri-Belg Agriculture; f) Grupo Arosfran Empreendimentos e Participa\u00e7oes Sarl Luanda<\/strong> (Grupo Arosfran): Kassim Tajideen founded Grupo Arosfran in Luanda, Angola, in November 1991. He has been the primary decision maker and leader of Grupo Arosfran and a member of the Board of Directors. Grupo Arosfran is listed as either a branch or a subsidiary of Ovlas Trading on multiple international business websites; <\/sup>g)<\/strong> Afroliner NV Antwerpen<\/strong> - related to Kassim Tajideen; h)<\/strong> Epsilon Trading FZE Sharjah, UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Thus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) became a necessary location for transshipment and bank funding; i) ICTC International Cross Trade Company Ltd UAE<\/strong> - Kassim Tajideen owned, controlled and benefited from this company. Epsilon and ICTC are were front companies that helped redirect shipments and money flows; j) SICAM Lda Luanda<\/strong>, Angola controlled by Kassim Tajideen, used to procure and distribute goods throughout the world, including the United States; k) Angola became a logistical hub for acquiring and moving goods between Europe and Africa. However, the companies were likely front companies for the smuggling of conflict diamonds from troubled countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Liberia, the Republic of the Congo and Sierra Leone into Europe. Even after the Kimberley Process established restrictions on the sale of conflict diamonds in 2003, the diamond trade was likely what fueled the company\u2019s profits and expansion \u2013 see https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/documents\/18809\/unsanctioned_trade_2017_lowres.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/forests\/us-consumers-risk-funding-Hezbollah\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.globalwitness.org\/en\/campaigns\/democratic-republic-congo\/exporting-impunity\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.idexonline.com\/FullArticle?id=32413<\/a> ; https:\/\/offshoreleaks.icij.org\/nodes\/10105384<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/press-release\/file\/952071\/download<\/a> ; https:\/\/sanctionsalert.com\/indictment-of-lebanese-businessman-tajideen-points-to-bold-methods-of-sanctions-enforcement-by-doj-and-may-trigger-compliance-headaches-for-banks\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.acamstoday.org\/lessons-learned-from-kassim-tajideen-case\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2011\/02\/17\/2011-3346\/finding-that-the-lebanese-canadian-bank-sal-is-a-financial-institution-of-primary-money-laundering<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140719122332\/http:\/\/observer.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/another-new-bank-inaugurated<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/200905280397.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> 29.11.2013 Prime Bank Gambia Ltd; Securities Data Company Worldwide Mergers & Acquisitions - Complete Financials\/Multiples Reports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/lb.linkedin.com\/in\/mona-choueifaty-5a888021<\/a> ; https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/lebanese-canadian-bank-profile_b5c7d033f42e0d5d<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.1stlebanon.net\/liban\/lebcanbank\/managementfr.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Joumaa and his partners control 5% through their companies: C&D Cargo SA Panama (liquidated in April 2012, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/412442<\/a> ), Monte Grande Internacional SA Panama (which was merged with the first in January 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/647375<\/a> ), Goldi Electronics SA Panama (active, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/642962<\/a> ), Zona Libre International Market SA Panama (merged with C&D in 2010, https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/pa\/363386<\/a> ), and finally a Hezbollah trading company, with offices in Beirut, Cairo, Cotonou and Banjul, Phenicia Shipping Offshore Sarl Beirut ( https:\/\/sanctionlaw.com\/ofac-kingpin-sdn-designations-come-pouring-in\/#.X5vwSYhKjIU<\/a> ). When the Joumaa clan is included in the black-list in 2011, the shares of these companies will be entrusted to SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9nerale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut, which, a little later, will also acquire the LCB (https:\/\/libnanews.com\/la-sgbl-rachete-la-lebanese-canadian-bank\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/notes\/daphne-de-bichonville\/the-uranium-route-from-venezuela-to-iran\/462333560488183<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2016\/04\/07\/2016-07980\/unblocking-of-specially-designated-nationals-and-blocked-persons-pursuant-to-the-foreign-narcotics<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/jl0196.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1035.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/pages\/tg997.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/identitychef.wordpress.com\/2009\/09\/06\/lebanese-diaspora-worldwide-geographical-distribution\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lebanese_diaspora<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20131224114050\/http:\/\/english.al-akhbar.com\/node\/14884<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lstatic.org\/PDF\/demographenglish.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Ousainou Darboe, \u201cGambia's Long Journey to Republicanism: A Study in the Development of the Constitution and Government of the Gambia<\/em>\u201d, University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> David Perfect, \u201cThe Gambia under Yahya Jammeh: an Assessment<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cThe Round Table \u2013 The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs<\/em>\u201d, volume 99, Taylor & Francis, London 2010, pages 53-63; https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/2015\/09\/04\/the-gambian-dictator-who-kills-his-own-family-members-to-stay-in-power\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/gainako.com\/president-jammehs-threats-mandinkas-gambia-irresponsible-repugnant-national-leader\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2019\/06\/26\/gambia-women-accuse-ex-president-sexual-violence<\/a> ; https:\/\/gambianewstoday.com\/govt-jet-used-for-arms-trafficking-report-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infomigrants.net\/en\/post\/15630\/five-things-to-know-about-migrant-remittances<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/terrorist-illicit-finance\/documents\/fincen-hawala-rpt.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/location.westernunion.com\/gm\/-\/banjul\/34d27687e7c10df0b56ffbc46d7e9ce7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic People and Society<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org\/refugees\/community\/2017\/01\/19\/as-gambias-crisis-grows-refugees-face-struggle-for-asylum-in-senegal<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> http:\/\/gambiandiaspora.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/DFTR2-Report-Jun-2019-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/ga.html<\/a>, topic Economy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> CBG Annual Report 2012, page 63; FOROYAA Newspaper (Serrekunda) \u201c12 Banks meets D200 million minimum capital requirement, Prime Bank (Gambia) ltd went into voluntary liquidation<\/em>\u201d, January 22, 2013. https:\/\/allafrica.com\/stories\/201301220903.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> http:\/\/gambianewsonline.blogspot.com\/2013\/01\/prime-banks-liquidation-creates-panic.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/thepoint.gm\/africa\/gambia\/article\/depositors-told-to-withdraw-savings-from-prime-bank<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/wael-bazzi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/directory.africa-business.com\/business\/24933815f5\/Kairaba-Shopping-Centre--Tajco-Ltd--<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.accessgambia.com\/information\/tajco.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.gfatf.org\/archives\/kairaba-shopping-center\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/rewardsforjustice.net\/english\/lebanese_hizballah_financial_network.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/greatgambiaheist\/the-inner-circle-that-helped-jammeh-steal-a-billion-dollars<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.freedomnewspaper.com\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/now.mmedia.me\/lb\/en\/nownews\/Hezbollah_buying_iranian_arms_from_gambia_paper_reports1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/yahya-jammeh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> 2019.03.29 Commission of Inquiry against Jammeh; https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/documents\/greatgambiaheist\/Bazzi%20testimony.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> http:\/\/sidisanneh.blogspot.com\/2018\/05\/mohammad-ibrahim-bazzi-classified-as.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.compliancejournal.it\/metodi-di-riciclaggio-sistema-hawala\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecobank.com\/gm\/personal-banking\/countries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> http:\/\/www.afrimoneyfinance.com\/entreprise\/746<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> https:\/\/ecobank.com\/group\/about-us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Flvsl.fr%2Flinsurrection-au-liban-revolution-unite-et-crise-economique%2F<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> 2008.01.01 Giuseppe Banci, page 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/RealEstate.aspx?ref=all<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, Samuel M. Katz, \u201cHarpoon: Inside the Covert War Against Terrorism's Money Masters<\/em>\u201d, Hachette, London 2017, chapter 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2017\/developers\/b2b<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.thebusinessyear.com\/lebanon-2018\/quality-in-focus\/b2b<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/About.aspx<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.gzagroup.com\/Default.aspx<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/sofibanque.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2011-02-17\/pdf\/2011-3346.pdf<\/a> , https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> http:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/world\/article\/0,8599,1123483,00.html<\/a> ;  https:\/\/calert.info\/details.php?id=59<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.levantnetworks.com\/2019\/12\/29\/alleged-hezbollah-financiers-link-to-al-madina-bank-fraud\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> http:\/\/www.kalotipm.com\/About-Us<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/business\/the-uae-alchemist-who-turned-fields-of-scrap-into-a-factory-of-gold-1.305887<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/goldbarsworldwide.com\/PDF\/NBA_39_KalotiGoldBars.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a>  ; https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> https:\/\/medium.com\/@DubaiLive\/kaloti-money-laundering-scandal-b50cc351b9cc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[109]<\/a> https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/fincen-files\/us-treasury-department-abandoned-major-money-laundering-case-against-dubai-gold-company\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[110]<\/a> Nest Investments Holding Lebanon SAL Beirut \u00e8 una consociata di Nest Investments Holding Ltd Limassol, un gruppo finanziario cipriota che opera in 23 paesi e vale circa 5 miliardi di dollari. L'azienda \u00e8 stata fondata nel 1989 da Ghazi Abu Nahl ed i suoi figli \u2013 una famiglia di profughi palestinesi che, nel 2005, ha acquistato un pacchetto azionario in LCB. Nel 2002 Nest ha fondato la Trust Bank Algeria SA Algeri, e cercava un partner per far crescere la sua banca in altri paesi africani, e Jaound\u00e9 ha venduto alla famiglia Nahl il 24% di LCB per 57 milioni di dollari. Quando il processo tra Nest e LCB entra nell\u2019analisi documentale, Jaoud\u00e9 si accorge che non potr\u00e0 cavarsela, e vende la sua quota di LCB alla SGBL Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Banque au Liban SAL Beirut \u2013 see https:\/\/www.nestco.org\/en\/groupcompanies<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/nest-investment-holdings-limited<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trustre.com\/en\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.leagle.com\/decision\/infdco20180615e61<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/person\/ghazi-abu-nahl<\/a> ; https:\/\/markets.businessinsider.com\/news\/stocks\/don-t-keep-business-in-the-family-beyond-two-generations-insurance-magnate-ghazi-abu-nahl-founder-and-chairman-of-nest-investments-advises-1027492527#<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investigativeproject.org\/documents\/case_docs\/2191.pdf<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/GetArticleBody.aspx?id=459068&fromgoogle=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[111]<\/a> https:\/\/lebanonleaks801189695.wordpress.com\/2018\/10\/05\/george-zard-abou-Jaoud\u00e9\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[112]<\/a> https:\/\/arij.net\/investigations\/Kaloti-Story-en\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[113]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[114]<\/a> https:\/\/middleeasttransparent.com\/en\/investor-in-leb-canadian-bank-files-suit-against-former-managers-lebanese-regulatory-official-Hezbollah-operatives\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[115]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[116]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[117]<\/a> https:\/\/www.counterextremism.com\/extremists\/abdallah-safi-al-din<\/a> ; https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sm0388<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[118]<\/a> http:\/\/www2.cbg.gm\/finance-system\/thebanks.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[119]<\/a> https:\/\/alchetron.com\/Ayman-Joumaa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[120]<\/a> https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/tg1057.aspx<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2013\/06\/treasury_designates.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[121]<\/a> https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/blogs\/politics\/2011\/12\/lebanese-drug-lord-charged-in-us-links-to-zetas-and-Hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[122]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[123]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/new-insights-into-the-sources-of-Hezbollahs-money\/article2715120.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[124]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[125]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/policy-analysis\/view\/Hezbollahs-european-enablers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[126]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[127]<\/a> https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/system\/files\/246\/LCB%20Section%20311%20Finding.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[128]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/lebanese-canadian-bank-linked-to-Hezbollah\/a-15612492<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[129]<\/a> 04.08.2016 Prime Bank Gambia, Worldbox Gambia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[130]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/890\/SGBL-buys-LCB-assets<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[131]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[132]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[133]<\/a> https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[134]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303990604577368212835080388<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[135]<\/a> http:\/\/www.businessnews.com.lb\/cms\/Story\/StoryDetails\/6875\/11-Lebanese-banks-sued-for-knowingly-aiding-Hezbollah<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.fdd.org\/analysis\/2020\/09\/23\/hezbollah-finance-in-lebanon\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.osenlaw.com\/sites\/default\/files\/BartlettAmended-2019-cv-00007.pdf<\/a>, pages 27-31; 279-301<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[136]<\/a> https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/CHRG-111shrg62141\/html\/CHRG-111shrg62141.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[137]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-lebanon-conflict-idUSL0742599820080509<\/a> ; https:\/\/thearabweekly.com\/violence-erupts-beirut-calls-disarming-hezbollah<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[138]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[139]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/sep\/17\/us-accuses-hezbollah-weapons-ammonium-nitrate-iran<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[140]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2020\/11\/6\/us-sanctions-lebanons-gebran-bassil-citing-corruption<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[141]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/program\/al-jazeera-world\/2015\/10\/28\/from-lebanon-to-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[142]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internations.org\/gambia-expats\/lebanese<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Hezbollah's not-so-secret millionaire business with Gambia","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"hezbollahs-not-so-secret-millionaire-business-with-gambia","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4981","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4934,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 21:20:38","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Gold Council[1]<\/sup><\/a> said on July 14, 2020 in the midst of the Covid outbreak: \u201cInvestors have adopted gold as a key strategy to hedge portfolios in 2020. The pandemic is likely to have a lasting effect<\/em> (...) and values \u200b\u200btoo much the strengthening of gold as a strategic resource<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a>. A few days later, on August 5, gold hit its highest price ever: $ 2,048 an ounce[3]<\/sup><\/a>. A result that almost sounds like a curse when you consider that the people who live in the most desperate misery are also those who sit on huge deposits of gold, but hardly profit from them[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of those nations rich in natural resources is Burkina Faso[5]<\/sup><\/a>, a country that originated in the valley millions of years ago and is surrounded by a huge plateau that is home to the long Niger River in its infancy, each The year is separated in two completely opposite seasons: the drought of the Sahara in summer, and a lush alluvial area full of lakes and rivers in winter[6]<\/sup><\/a>. It is also one of the poorest nations in the world where \u201cpeople are still dying of hunger, thirst and malaria<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/sup><\/a>. In this country, whose name means \"Land of People of Integrity<\/em>\"[8]<\/sup><\/a>, gold is the most important mineral resource, the extraction of which is in the hands of Australian, Canadian and Russian companies[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was an explosion in gold production in Burkina Faso between 2000 and 2010: in just a few years, Burkina Faso became the fifth largest exporter of gold on the African continent (after Ghana, South Africa , Sudan and Mali)[10]<\/sup><\/a>. With 17 active mines and 60 tons of production in 2020 \u2013 in 2015 it was only 35 tons \u2013 gold is not even suffering from the global crisis due to the pandemic: it is an annual turnover of 2000 billion FCFA, more than 3 billion euros and in 2021, the volume will continue to grow, as three new mines are expected to enter the production phase[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the World Bank, gold production has largely contributed to improving the trade balance: along with cotton, gold represents about 95% of the country's export demands[12]<\/sup><\/a>. It is mainly Switzerland and India[13]<\/sup><\/a> that buy gold, while the cotton market[14]<\/sup><\/a> is mainly linked to neighboring countries, Burkina Faso being the fourth mainland producer of cotton. According to the African Development Bank (AfDB), these two products will help the country recover from the effects of Covid-19: the bank estimates the average growth of the continental market at around 3.4% of gross domestic product (GDP) against a decrease of -2.1% in 2020[15]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is one of the ten countries which, according to the ADB study, will experience annual economic growth of more than 5%[16]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government is making great efforts, supported by national private partners and global institutions, which are closer to the National Economic and Social Development Plan (PNDES), inaugurated in 2016, which works in a coordinated manner in several sectors (agriculture, environment, education, energy, infrastructure, health and telecommunications[17]<\/sup><\/a>) and is about to be renewed and updated for the five-year period 2021-2025[18]<\/sup><\/a>. AfDB has guaranteed $ 62 million for its financing, the World Bank has provided $ 310 million and the European Union has provided $ 116 million[19]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso will be the first country in the Sahel to benefit from the World Bank's complementary financing plan for the most fragile countries[20]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2021, the government of Ouagadougou (which has been in power since January 21) will have to adopt the law on public-private partnership and one on the promotion of domestic savings (one of the weakest on the continent), which no is more than 5.7% of gross domestic product, while the average for West Africa is 19%[21]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso's GDP, calculated at over 44 billion euros in 2019, is equal to or greater than that of many other African and Asian countries and slightly lower than that of Estonia and Bosnia[22]<\/sup><\/a>, and the growth rate annual is even higher than that of Rwanda, the country which is known as the Switzerland of Africa[23]<\/sup><\/a>. However, the average per capita income is only $ 2,000 a year[24]<\/sup><\/a>, and that's only thanks to the rich salaries of those who work in resource management \u2013 most people go hungry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The nightmare of the Jihad <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Advertising for Boko Haram in the streets and in the countryside of Burkina Faso<\/sub><\/strong>[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main reasons for the misery of the population is the fact that the country has gone through decades of wars: from 1958, the year of independence, various dictators from or from tribal militias or the regular army at the head of Upper Volta succeeded them[26]<\/sup><\/a>. The only one who ever tried to convey a sense of belonging to the region's ethnic assembly and then honestly tried to do something for his people was Thomas Sankara, an army officer who, after years of massacres, became the pacifist and guitarist of the group Tout-\u00e0-Coup-Jazz[27]<\/sup><\/a> before being drawn into another civil war, becoming Prime Minister in 1982 and president a year later[28]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sankara literally overthrows Upper Volta, which he renames in Burkina Faso, the \u201cland of upright men\u201d[29]<\/sup><\/a>: emancipation of women, prohibition of infibulation and polygamy, punishment not of prostitutes but of their exploiters, campaign for them. contraceptives and against AIDS, opening military and political careers for women, encouraging women to go to university through scholarships[30]<\/sup><\/a>; Fight against corruption (for example, by replacing blue Mercedes by Renault 5[31]<\/sup><\/a>); Replacement of western nightclubs (very expensive) with free and popular dance halls and, in general, fight against the importation of foreign brand products[32]<\/sup><\/a>; Reduced salary from politics (he himself was earning $ 450 a month and when he died he had $ 150 in his bank account and his inheritance was a small apartment and a guitar)[33]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The list of Sankara's reforms is long: subsidizing agriculture and small businesses, shifting the army from professionalism to general conscription (to reduce the power of the army[34]<\/sup><\/a>); Creation of the People's Houses (where officials listened to people's complaints), major campaign for blood donation, literacy and compulsory vaccination, tripling of places in schools and hospitals, tenfold increase in water sources drinkable[35]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A series of unique achievements marred by the iron fist with which he led the government during the five years of his power[36]<\/sup><\/a>. But his political and human journey was very short. On October 11, 1987, he was ambushed by those who were theoretically his closest friends[37]<\/sup><\/a>. As in the case of Che Guevara, they killed the man, but they increased the myth, because even today Thomas Sankara is the symbol of all Africans who want to get rid of medieval tribal ties and see themselves as a great, wonderful people \u2013 on the arduous march to a great destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The one who came after him (the dictator Blaise Campaor\u00e9, who was probably also the murderous hand who killed Sankara) broke the reforms during the 27 years of his regime and plunged the country back into bloody tribal struggles[38]<\/sup><\/a>. But even the overthrow of his regime did nothing: from 2015, the Islamic Jihad used the territory of Burkina Faso as a hiding place after military actions in Mali, Chad, Niger, Benin and Togo[39]<\/sup><\/a> and killed everyone in his street. To date, at least 1,200 Burkinab\u00e9[40]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between 2014 and 2019, there were 2,200 terrorist attacks in the Sahel, the central region that crosses all of West Africa, with 11,500 victims and millions of displaced people, most of whom are in hiding in Burkina Faso[41]<\/sup><\/a>. The attacks are carried out by different groups such as the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (Mujao), the Support Group for Islam and Muslims (Gsim), Boko Haram and Ansar ul Islam for indicate the most famous[42]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These groups take advantage of the conflicts that already exist between semi-nomadic pastoralists and permanent farmers who struggle to access available natural resources[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The military operation \"Berkhane\" was set up against these groups in 2014 at the suggestion of France: five thousand soldiers stationed in Chad in support of the armies of Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Chad have not yet succeeded in defeating extremist groups[44]<\/sup><\/a>. A similar result applies to the \u201cJoint Force G5 Sahel\u201d, the armed forces of the five states of the Sahelian zone[45]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso cannot achieve this without help, as the new President Roch Marc Kabor\u00e8 underlined on February 9, 2021, during his meeting with the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, in Brussels[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The great gold rush<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sankara, one of the greatest heroes of the African continent<\/sub><\/strong>[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mines can help because they produce wealth, or they can be a curse because they produce violence and disorder. In Burkina Faso, the balance has not yet fluctuated decisively on both sides because the infrastructure is still lacking and a large part of the product comes from artisans who, as in the 19th<\/sup> century in North America, dig in the mud and sift the muddy waters of the rivers hope that every day is lucky and changes its destiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artisanal extractions do not have a good reputation. Extraction of the metal poses serious risks to human health and the environment, and the economic benefits are limited. Artisanal mines have grown from 200 in 2003 to over 700 in 2014, and there are currently around a thousand[48]<\/sup><\/a>. The boom came during the great drought of 1984 when thousands of farmers starved to death, lost their land and found no alternative but to turn into miners[49]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It takes smugglers to sell gold: miners from Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger are connected to middlemen in Togo, which is then the hub of the United Arab Emirates' black market[50]<\/sup><\/a>. A deal worth $ 2 billion a year, largely administered by jihadist groups, recently began targeting factories and workers at mining companies in the Sahel[51]<\/sup><\/a> to prevent the frenzy from continuing. According to Comtrade (the database of international trade statistics which was founded in Ljubljana in 1996 by scientist Veselin Jevrosimovi\u0107, who today calculates data on all trade in the world on behalf of the United Nations), the Gold has increased, as has West African gold between the years 2006 and 2016 increased from 8% to 16% of total world production \u2013 almost entirely thanks to investments made by smugglers in the UAE[52]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, smuggling does not follow the rules set by the international community. According to UNICEF data, between half a million and 700,000 adolescents break and carry stones and mud every day in Burkina Faso, breathe in highly toxic mercury powder, eight to ten hours a day \u2013 artisanal mines operate 24 hours a day[53]<\/sup><\/a>. In exchange, each worker has a guaranteed meal \u2013 the money is only there when the gold is found: 20% for those who have invested, between 1% and 10% for the owners of the land , the rest is between the workforce and the head of the divided village, which guarantees peace and efficiency[54]<\/sup><\/a>. A gram of gold sold on the official market in Ouagadougou is worth 10,000 FCFA (about 15 euros), provided it is proven that the foreman is a Burkinab\u00e9[55]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In any case, even artisanal mines improve the living standards of the local population so much that consumption consumption increased by 10%[56]<\/sup><\/a> between 2009 and 2014 (latest figure available) in artisanal mining regions. However, these are figures which concern the minimum share of artisanal production \u2013 that which does not disappear in Togo and then in the Emirates[57]<\/sup><\/a>. For this reason, of course, the state is fighting for the disappearance of artisanal miners and in 2015 reformed the mining law (law No. 36-2015)[58]<\/sup><\/a>. Since then, foreign multinationals have entered the country: Iamgold in Essakane and Semafo-Endeavor in Mana (both Canadian)[59]<\/sup><\/a> and Nordgold \u2013 a company controlled by the Russian oligarch Alexey Mordashov[60]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The overwhelming power of Nordgold<\/strong> <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The science-fiction Severstal steel plant in Cherepovets in northwest Russia<\/sub><\/strong>[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Forbes, he is the 51st<\/sup> richest man in the world with a fortune of around $ 32 billion[62]<\/sup><\/a>. In the years of the Soviet Union he graduated as an engineer and when the wall fell he was hired to lead the privatization of the Russian steel sector, which gave birth to the multinational group Severstal, which Mordashov has ruled for 19 years until he changed his private industrial and commercial interests had grown to allow him to step down[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and he eventually joined the Moscow jet set and became one of the theater's main financiers Bolshoi in Moscow[64]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Part of the new business is mining with Nordgold, a company founded in Moscow in 2007 with only a few mining concessions in Russia[65]<\/sup><\/a> which has now grown into a London-based multinational group which closed in 2020 with sales of 1.86 billion dollars and a net profit of 767 million dollars[66]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold has five mining sites in Russia, one in Kazakhstan, one in French Guiana, one in Guinea and three in Burkina Faso: Bissa, Bouly and Taparko[67]<\/sup><\/a>. The multinational has invested more than a billion dollars since 2009 and the three mines together represent a production volume of 360,000 ounces of gold, or 40% of the group's total production[68]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Nordgold's website ensures that the multinational company complies with all ethical, environmental and recruiting rules[69]<\/sup><\/a>, according to research by journalists and international NGOs, it looks a little different. First, because Islamic fundamentalism makes calls for nationalization more and more urgent: \u201cIn Burkina, the concessions granted to foreign companies such as the Canadian Semafo and the North Gold of the Russian steel magnate Alexey Mordashov do not mean no concrete benefits for rural people. On the contrary, they fuel the fire of fundamentalist propaganda: from the pulpits of mosques and the Internet, imams curse neo-colonialism which plunders national resources<\/em>\u201d[70]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, two of North Gold's mines (Bissa Gold and Taparko Gold) suddenly stopped paying the agreed amounts for the Mining Fund for Local Development, which raised FCFA 51 billion for the Burkinab\u00e9 population from 2015 to date (27,5 million USD)[71]<\/sup><\/a>. Some of this money went to forced relocations because residents of many villages close to the water had to leave their hometowns to move to drier areas and leave drinking water at the mines: Bissa Gold officially forcibly relocated 2783 people, but these are of course only indicative figures[72]<\/sup><\/a>. In Guinea, in the Lefa mine, it is worse; \"In its abandoned tunnels, prospectors who came to look for falling gold die regularly because they are not profitable<\/em>\"[73]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the central problem remains the management of a mine in a guerrilla zone where the regular national army is unable to enforce the peaceful conditions necessary for the normal daily operations of a mine. In 2019, the Australian company Perenti Global, co-owner of the mines managed by Nordgold, decided to leave Burkina Faso after a jihadist attack on its employees, killing 19 and injuring 26 people[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In one of the biggest trendy bars in Ouagadougou, we can clearly see that the Burkinab\u00e9s are politically and culturally very aware of their place in the world<\/sub><\/strong>[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/sub><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The workers, engineers and management of the Nordgold Group are defended by an unknown number of militiamen from Russia who, on the one hand, have proven themselves capable of defending the mines against attacks by terrorist groups[76]<\/sup><\/a>, but on the other part constitute a threat to the local population: In 2014, workers at the Bissa gold mine decided to call a general strike because the Somika company, which issued the mining permit, signed a specific contract with humanitarian guarantees. , social, health and union with the local population. Somika then sold the majority to Nordgold, which ignored previous agreements[77]<\/sup><\/a>. Nordgold's mercenary troops responded with indiscriminate blows and even left the dead on the ground[78]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government in Ouagadougou has neither the strength nor the will to react. From 1992, due to the very low level of trade in Burkina Faso and other West African countries, Russia closed its embassy and joined the Ivory Coast embassy[79]<\/sup><\/a>, \u200b\u200bas well as relocating from his diplomatic actions to local industrial companies \u2013 such as Nordgold. Based on the official exchange of messages between the two countries, it is believed that the Russian Federation cooperated with security militiamen around the mines following the terrorist attacks in Bissa Gold and Semafo[80]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Burkina Faso is different from other African countries: its political and military elite is very weak, and therefore the rate of corruption (which exists) is relatively low[81]<\/sup><\/a>. Any incoming multinational is in itself richer than the country as a whole (as in the case of Nordgold)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. Burkina Faso is also a mixture of many ethnic groups who are constantly attacked from outside and live in peace and harmony with each other. In 2014, when Blaise Campaor\u00e9 broke the law preventing a president from running for a second term for the umpteenth time, he announced he would stay. The Burkinabe people, along with all other ethnic groups, took to the streets peacefully and forced the president to give up \u2013 all peacefully[83]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything is happening informally \u2013 in the streets, with the participation of dozens of citizens' committees and small NGOs, which take advantage of the fact that the GDP has increased tenfold in the last 20 years to participate in policy making. The country is deeply aware of the green present, plans development agreements with an emphasis on inclusion[84]<\/sup><\/a> and understands that from such a weakness in the country the trump card is to work together and share the international aid \u2013 accept that natural resources must be exploited by foreigners until the borders are secured, jihadism defeated and the basic infrastructure provided by the PNDES (schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, drinking water) are in square[85]<\/sup><\/a>. In the name of Thomas Sankara and of the \"people of integrity\" who will one day embrace the whole of the great African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gold.org\/ . Associazione - fondata nel 1987 - che unisce, su scala internazionale, le maggiori aziende minerarie aurifere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d, 18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d, https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Michel Ben Arrous, Lazare Ki-Zerbo, \u201cAfrican studies on geography from below<\/em>\u201d, Codesria, Dakar 2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cCalendario Atlante De Agostini 2021\u201d<\/em>, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 2020, page 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Le Faso.net, https:\/\/lefaso.net\/spip.php?article99247<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/dossiers-pays\/burkina-faso\/presentation-du-burkina-faso\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Agence Ecofin, https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/economie\/2303-86472-top-10-des-pays-africains-qui-connaitront-les-plus-fortes-croissances-economiques-en-2021-selon-la-bad<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u201cJeune Afrique\u201d, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique ?\u201d,<\/em> n\u00b0 3089, June 2020, page 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1133049\/economie\/burkina-faso-de-la-resistance-a-la-relance\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/1131013\/economie\/burkina-faso-les-promesses-de-lor\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-purchasing-power-parity\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/field\/real-gdp-growth-rate\/country-comparison\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/#economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.agcnews.eu\/burkina-faso-rimpasto-di-governo-e-jihad\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.blaisecompaore.com\/en\/political-and-military-career\/1960-1983-engagement\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/sep\/27\/jazz-and-revolution-burkina-faso-recalls-the-spirit-of-sankara<\/a> ; https:\/\/archive.is\/20130222180430\/http:\/\/www.thomassankara.net\/spip.php?page=imprimir_articulo&id_article=527&lang=fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161010234702\/http:\/\/www.infoaut.org\/index.php\/blog\/approfondimenti\/item\/13137-chi-era-thomas-sankara<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> http:\/\/www.resistenze.org\/sito\/os\/gr\/osgrdc05-012450.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cwHKxGvpD_U<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/download\/Documents\/POL1000011988ENGLISH.PDF ; https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/125821\/bk-country-profiles-burkina-faso-part1-010190-en.pdf?sequence=17&isAllowed=y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> http:\/\/www.rai.it\/dl\/RaiTV\/programmi\/media\/ContentItem-bf528d64-3c0d-44c2-bffb-70baf051624d.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/solidarieta\/diritti-umani\/2015\/10\/14\/news\/thomas_sankara-125097440\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/depeches\/8036\/politique\/burkina-ceremonie-dinvestiture-pour-michel-kafando-ses-pouvoirs-en-question\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.rfi.fr\/fr\/afrique\/20151221-assassinat-sankara-mandat-arret-international-contre-compaore<\/a> ; http:\/\/archive.wikiwix.com\/cache\/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%28Symbol%29%2F8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec%3FOpendocument<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Autori Vari, \u201cAtlante delle guerre e dei conflitti del mondo\u201d,<\/em> Terra Nuova Edizioni, Firenze 2019, pages 91-92<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Amaury Hauchard, \u201cUn voto impossibile nel nord del Burkina Faso\u201d<\/em>, https:\/\/www.internazionale.it\/notizie\/amaury-hauchard\/2020\/11\/20\/burkina-faso-elezioni-attacchi<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Giuseppe Mistretta, \u201cLe vie dell\u2019Africa. Il futuro del continente fra Europa, Italia, Cina e nuovi attori\u201d<\/em>, Infinito edizioni, Formigine (Modena) 2020, pages 61-63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Osservatorio sulla Sicurezza Internazionale Luiss, https:\/\/sicurezzainternazionale.luiss.it\/2021\/02\/10\/presidente-del-burkina-faso-incontra-vertici-dellue<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/frontierenews.it\/2011\/10\/thomas-sankara-il-rivoluzionario-dellafrica-antimperialista\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019 or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Isabelle Hanne,\u201d Pour tout l\u2019or du Burkina Faso\u201d https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/apps\/2015\/08\/orpaillage-burkina\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/venerdi\/2021\/01\/15\/news\/burkina_faso_jihad_africa_al_qaeda_isis_reportage-282102011\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Angelo Martinengo, \u201cAfrica. Grande corsa all\u2019 oro, monitoraggio dell\u2019estrazione mineraria delle Nazioni Unite\u201d<\/em>, \u201cFaro di Roma\u201d,18 Gennaio 2021, https:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/africa-grande-corsa-alloro-monitoraggio-dellestrazione-mineraria-delle-nazioni-unite-di-a-martinengo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Natascia Aquilano, \u201cNelle viscere del Burkina Faso, il forziere dell\u2019oro africano\u201d,<\/em> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vita.it\/it\/story\/2018\/11\/26\/nelle-viscere-del-burkina-faso-il-forziere-delloro-africano\/257<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> R\u00e9mi Bazillier-Victoire Girard, \u201cMal\u00e9diction des ressources naturelles et mines artisanales: le cas de l\u2019or au Burkina Faso\u201d,<\/em> https:\/\/theconversation.com\/malediction-des-ressources-naturelles-et-mines-artisanales-le-cas-de-lor-au-burkina-faso-102855<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/culture\/docu-tele-public-senat-poussiere-d-or-au-burkina-faso-14-04-2016-2032220_3.php#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.droit-afrique.com\/uploads\/Burkina-Code-minier-2015.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mines.gov.bf\/informations\/actualite\/details?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=79&cHash=1374780800c09c1983a02a12ff01f074<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Jeune Afrique, \u201cUne nouvelle Afrique\u201d<\/em>, n\u00b0 3089, 20 Juin 2020, page 174<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tagesschau.de\/wirtschaft\/mordaschow-ein-oligarch-rettet-tui-101.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/eugene.kaspersky.com\/2017\/09\/15\/when-in-cherepovets-visit-severstal-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/profile\/alexey-mordashov-family\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/history\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/upload\/iblock\/1b1\/Nordgold%202020%20Annual%20Report.pdf<\/a>, pages 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/about\/geography\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Emmanuuel Atcha \u201c La fili\u00e8re aurif\u00e8re au Burkina Faso:le russe Nordgold maintient son rythme en 2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/afrique.latribune.fr\/afrique-de-l-ouest\/burkina-faso\/2019-03-29\/filiere-aurifere-au-burkina-le-russe-nordgold-maintient-son-rythme-d-investissement-en-2019-812487.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/translate.google.com\/translate?hl=it&sl=en&u=https:\/\/www.nordgold.com\/&prev=search&pto=aue<\/a> ; Par Malicgk Diawara, \u201cMines- Nikolas Zelensky :< L\u2019 Afrique a une place centrale dans notre strat\u00e9gie><\/em>\u201d Le Point -\u00e8conomie\u201d, 17 F\u00e9vrier 2017<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> Giovanni Porzio, \u201cBurkina Faso. Il Paese del terrore\u201d, <\/em>\u201cIl Venerd\u00ec \u201c- \u201cla Repubblica\u201d 15 Gennaio 2021, www.repubblica.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> Obiectjf Afrique n\u00b0 209, 7 Octobre 2020, https:\/\/www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr\/Articles\/2020\/10\/12\/a-la-une-d-objectif-afrique<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> \u201cNon sempre l\u2019oro luccica\u201d,<\/em> \u201cSguardi\u201d, 1\/2016, page 4, https:\/\/vedere-e-agire.ch\/content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/BROT_Dossier_0116_IT_web1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Mathieu Brier, \u201cLa riche id\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement Enqu\u00eate sur une Montagne d\u2019or\u201d<\/em> https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-z-2018-1-page-32.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.miningmagazine.com\/development\/news\/1376942\/perenti-exiting-burkina-faso-contracts<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.afr.com\/companies\/mining\/perenti-rocked-by-deadly-terrorist-attack-20191107-p538b9<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.miningweekly.com\/article\/perenti-to-exit-northern-burkina-faso-2019-12-02<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-perenti-operations-africa-idUSKBN1Y605B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong><\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> 2015.10.30 IHS Global insight on Nordgold<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/www.greenleft.org.au\/content\/extractive-imperialism-and-resistance-burkina-faso<\/a> ; 2020.09.18 Burkina Faso Extractive Imperialism And Resistance<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/cotedivoire.mid.ru\/web\/cote-d-ivoire-fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3982790<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.mid.ru\/en\/maps\/bf\/-\/asset_publisher\/wSGsCU0eYGOZ\/content\/id\/3888047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-rank<\/a> ; https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/burkina-faso\/corruption-index<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/burkina-faso\/<\/a> ;  https:\/\/www.indexmundi.com\/g\/g.aspx?c=uv&v=65&l=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.peaceinsight.org\/en\/articles\/back-future-burkina-faso\/?location=burkina-faso&theme=<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un-page.org\/planning-green-future-burkina-faso<\/a> ; https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/burkina-faso\/burkina-faso-land-incorruptible-path-networked-future<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oneplanetnetwork.org\/resource\/plan-national-de-developpement-economique-et-social-pndes<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.pndes2020.com\/pdf\/06-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Burkinab\u00e9 people, a small hope for a different Africa","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"burkinabe-people-a-small-hope-for-a-different-africa","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:35:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4934","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4914,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:52:55","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 24 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/joe-biden-turkey-government-and-politics-middle-east-europe-dbe6bc9ddac90c1393e6c33ff2220781<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

WILMINGTON, Del. (AP) \u2014 The systematic killing and deportation of more than a million Armenians by Ottoman Empire forces<\/a> in the early 20th century was \u201cgenocide,\u201d the United States formally declared on Saturday, as President Joe Biden used that precise word<\/a> after the White House had avoided it for decades for fear of alienating ally Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkey reacted with furor, with the foreign minister saying his country \u201cwill not be given lessons on our history from anyone.\u201d A grateful Armenia said it appreciated Biden\u2019s \u201cprincipled position\u201d as a step toward \u201cthe restoration of truth and historical justice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden was following through on a campaign promise he made a year ago Saturday \u2014 the annual commemoration of Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day \u2014 to recognize that the events that began in 1915 were a deliberate effort to wipe out Armenians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While previous presidents have offered somber reflections of the dark moment in history, they have studiously avoided using the term genocide out of concern that it would complicate relations with Turkey, a NATO ally and important power in the Middle East.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But Biden campaigned on a promise to make human rights a central guidepost of his foreign policy. He argued last year that failing to call the atrocities against the Armenian people a genocide would pave the way for future mass atrocities. An estimated 2 million Armenians were deported \u2014 1.5 million of whom were killed in the events known as Metz Yeghern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe American people honor all those Armenians who perished in the genocide that began 106 years ago today,\u201d Biden said in a statement. \u201cWe affirm the history. We do this not to cast blame but to ensure that what happened is never repeated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in a letter to Biden that recognition of the genocide \u201cis important not only in terms of respecting the memory of 1.5 million innocent victims, but also in preventing the repetition of such crimes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish officials struck back immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe reject and denounce in the strongest terms the statement of the President of the US regarding the events of 1915 made under the pressure of radical Armenian circles and anti-Turkey groups,\u201d the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu tweeted that \u201cwords cannot change history or rewrite it\u201d and Turkey \u201ccompletely rejected\u201d Biden\u2019s statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minutes before Biden\u2019s announcement, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sent a message to the Armenian community and patriarch of the Armenian church calling for not allowing \u201cthe culture of coexistence\u201d of the Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians to be forgotten. He said the issue has been \u201cpoliticized by third parties and turned into a tool of intervention against our country.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. Embassy and consulates in Turkey issued a demonstration alert, and announced their offices would be closed for routine services on Monday and Tuesday as a \u201cprecautionary measure.\u201d They cautioned Americans to avoid areas around U.S. government buildings and exercise caution in locations where foreigners gather.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a telephone call Friday, Biden had informed Erdogan of his plan to issue the statement, said a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to publicly discuss the private conversation and spoke on the condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The U.S. and Turkish governments, in separate statements following Biden and Erdogan\u2019s call, made no mention of the American plan to recognize the Armenian genocide. But the White House said Biden told Erdogan he wants to improve the two countries\u2019 relationship and find \u201ceffective management of disagreements.\u201d The two also agreed to hold a bilateral meeting at the NATO summit in Brussels in June.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Armenia on Saturday, people streamed to the hilltop complex in Yerevan, the capital, that memorializes the victims. Many laid flowers around the eternal flame, creating a wall of blooms two meters (seven feet) high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Avet Adonts, speaking at the memorial before Biden issued his statement, said a U.S. president using the term genocide would \u201cserve as an example for the rest of the civilized world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden\u2019s call with Erdogan was his first since taking office more than three months ago. The delay had become a worrying sign in Ankara; Erdogan had good rapport with former President Donald Trump and had been hoping for a reset despite past friction with Biden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erdogan reiterated his long-running claims that the U.S. is supporting Kurdish fighters in Syria who are affiliated with the Iraq-based Kurdistan Workers\u2019 Party, known as the PKK. The PKK has led an insurgency against Turkey for more than three decades. In recent years, Turkey has launched military operations against PKK enclaves in Turkey and in northern Iraq and against U.S.-allied Syrian Kurdish fighters. The State Department has designated the PKK a terrorist organization but has argued with Turkey over the group\u2019s ties to the Syrian Kurds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biden, during the campaign, drew ire from Turkish officials after an interview with The New York Times in which he spoke about supporting Turkey\u2019s opposition against \u201cautocrat\u201d Erdogan. In 2019, Biden accused Trump of betraying U.S. allies, following Trump\u2019s decision to withdraw troops from northern Syria, which paved the way for a Turkish military offensive against the Syrian Kurdish group. In 2014, when he was vice president, Biden apologized to Erdogan after suggesting in a speech that Turkey helped facilitate the rise of the Islamic State group by allowing foreign fighters to cross Turkey\u2019s border with Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lawmakers and Armenian American activists had lobbied Biden to make the genocide announcement on or before remembrance day. The closest that a U.S. president had come to recognizing the World War I-era atrocities as genocide was in 1981 when Ronald Reagan uttered the words \u201cArmenian genocide\u201d during a Holocaust Remembrance Day event. But he did not make it U.S. policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a California Democrat, lamented that \u201cthe truth of these heinous crimes has too often been denied, its monstrosity minimized.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHistory teaches us that if we ignore its darkest chapters, we are destined to witness the horrors of the past be repeated,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rep. Adam Schiff, also a California Democrat, praised Biden for following through on the pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFor Armenian-Americans and everyone who believes in human rights and the truth, today marks an historic milestone: President Biden has defied Turkish threats and recognized the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians for what it was \u2014 the first genocide of the 20th Century,\u201d Schiff said in a statement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

California is home to large concentrations of Armenian Americans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salpi Ghazarian, director of the University of Southern California\u2019s Institute of Armenian Studies, said the recognition of genocide would resonate beyond Armenia and show Biden\u2019s seriousness about respect for human rights as a central principle in his foreign policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWithin the United States and outside the United States, the American commitment to basic human values has been questioned now for decades,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is very important for people in the world to continue to have the hope and the faith that America\u2019s aspirational values are still relevant, and that we can in fact do several things at once. We can in fact carry on trade and other relations with countries while also calling out the fact that a government cannot get away with murdering its own citizens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lee reported from Washington and Bilginsoy from Istanbul. Associated Press writer Avet Demourian in Yerevan, Armenia, contributed to this report.<\/p>\n","post_title":"Biden recognizes atrocities against Armenians as genocide","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"biden-recognizes-atrocities-against-armenians-as-genocide","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4914","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4905,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 20:30:14","post_content":"\n

originally published:<\/em> 20 April 2021<\/strong> | origin:<\/em> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/4\/20\/without-urgent-aid-ngos-warn-millions-at-brink-of-famine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 250 NGOs have urgently called on international governments to increase aid and save more than 34 million people on the brink of starvation this year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an\u00a0open letter<\/a>\u00a0addressed to world leaders on Tuesday, groups working to fight against inequality said up to 270 million people are acutely food insecure with millions \u201cteetering on the very edge of famine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe combined impacts of conflict, climate change and inequality, coupled with the COVID-19 crisis, have led to an acute food insecurity situation around the world,\u201d the letter, whose key signatories include Oxfam, Save the Children, and the International Rescue Committee, read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNeeds already cannot be met, and we are increasingly likely to face multiple famines if we do not respond now,\u201d the letter, which came in conjunction with the UN\u2019s call for action to avert famine, added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a joint statement, the aid groups noted that a year on since the UN warned of \u201cfamine of biblical proportions<\/a>\u201d, donors have only funded five percent of this year\u2019s $7.8bn food security appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The statement<\/a> said that the amount of additional funding called for by the UN\u2019s World Food Programme amounts to $5.5bn, which is equivalent to less than 26 hours of the $1.9 trillion that countries spend per year on the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe richest countries are slashing their food aid even as millions of people go hungry; this is an extraordinary political failure,\u201d Oxfam\u2019s executive director, Gabriela Bucher, said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey must urgently reverse these decisions. And we must confront the fundamental drivers of starvation \u2013 global hunger is not about lack of food, but a lack of equality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018I thought about suicide\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While at least $5.5bn is needed in urgent food and agricultural assistance to avert the imminent risk of famine, millions more is needed to provide health care, clean water and other essential, basic services, the statement said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of last year, the UN estimated that 270 million people were either at high risk of, or already facing, severe levels of hunger. Some 174 people in 58 countries have reached that level and are at risk of dying from malnutrition or lack of food, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They warned that this figure will likely increase in the coming months if no actions are taken, and noted that conflict is the biggest driver of global hunger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key conflicts in Yemen, Afghanistan, South Sudan and Northern Nigeria are forcing millions to the brink of starvation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The joint statement included testimonies from people living in conflict zones and dire humanitarian conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fadya, from Lahj governorate in Yemen, recalled how she considered suicide \u201cseveral times\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen humanitarian workers came to my hut, they thought I had food because smoke was coming from my kitchen. But I was not cooking food for my children \u2013 instead I could only give them hot water and herbs, after which they went to sleep hungry,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI thought about suicide several times but I did not do it because of my children.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The open letter further warned that funding alone is not sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe situation requires urgent action, at a scale we are simply not seeing. If no urgent action is taken, lives will be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Countries need to take immediate political action to stop these conflicts from continuing, and need to address rising inequality, the groups said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is imperative that we raise our collective voices to secure the international attention this cause deserves before it is too late,\u201d they said in closing remarks.<\/p>\n","post_title":"NGOs call for urgent aid as millions on brink of starvation","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"ngos-call-for-urgent-aid-as-millions-on-brink-of-starvation","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4905","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4900,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_date_gmt":"2021-04-25 09:54:33","post_content":"\n

Friday, 23rd<\/sup> April, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Democracy Centre for Diplomacy organised a virtual meeting to feature the current status of migrant workers in the Gulf. The meetings hosted Heidi Hautala MEP, Vice-president of the European Parliament \u00a0and member of the Delegation for relations with countries of southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/a>; Marianne Vind MEP, Vice-chair of delegation for relations with the southeast Asia and Association of Southeast Asian Nations; Khalid Ibrahim<\/a>, executive director of Gulf Centre for Human Rights, and Irudaya Rajan<\/a>, Professor at Centre for Development Studies. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/-m8BzZNP02w\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heidi Haulata started her intervention reminding that the situation of migrant workers has become really a human and social right issue, and it is well-documented and long standing problem. \u201c Kafala system puts migrant workers\u2019 lives at risk in terms of passport confiscation, inadequate access to justice, bad accommodation , and lack of sufficient medical assistance\u201d, Hautala asserted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Hauatala referred to the recent violations committed by Saudi Arabia against African workers in detention centres under unpleasant conditions, confirming that the progress taking there is still not enough.  On the other hand, she hailed and welcomed the noticeable reforms in Qatar especially with Kafala system through allowing migrant workers to choose their work on their own accord and setting up the minimum wage scheme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Marianne Vind said that the issue of migrant workers has become more significant during the pandemic, bringing about several consequences and badly affecting millions of people at different aspects including low wages, racial and gender-based discrimination, enforced labour; and exploitation of cheap labour. \u201c There must a dire need to find a comprehensive solution in cooperation with the Middle East governments\u201d,  Marianne Vind maintained.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cQatar has regularised its industrial relations system and dismantled the systematic power imbalance between workers and employers. These changes are a break with the past and offer a future for migrant workers in Qatar underpinned by laws which respect workers, along with grievance and remedy systems\u201d Marinne Vind noted.  She also flagged the necessity to incorporate human rights into the entire process of migrant labour, and to adopt diplomatic channels to continue the dialogue.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Irudaya Rajan introduced a briefing on his survey in people who returned back from the Gulf because of the pandemic. He said that migrant workers have been subject to 4 major violations: Confiscation of their passports and documents, contract substitution, wage theft, and closure of borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Negotiations with the gulf contraries need to be continued till achieving a better situation for migrant workers there\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the main trends of violations against migrant workers in the Gulf, Mr. Khalid Ibrahim said that migrant workers are overworked and deprived of their salaries for few months securing their money for \u201c security deposit\u201d, and they are exposed to racial discrimination and physical abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Ibrahim continued to criticise the Kafala system as a real contradiction with human rights principles and international conventions. \u201c It  cannot be tolerated that migrant workers are not allowed to established unions to defend their own rights\u201d he deplored.<\/p>\n","post_title":"DCT Features Reality of Asian Workers in the Gulf: Violations and Reforms","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"dct-features-reality-of-asian-workers-in-the-gulf-violations-and-reforms-2","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:33","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4900","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":68},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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